Gondwana Research最新文献

{"title":"Ridge subduction and island arc evolution in the Duobaoshan region during early Paleozoic: Insights from crustal thickness and lava geochemistry","authors":"Tianjiao Sang ,&nbsp;Fuping Pei ,&nbsp;Bingqian Ding ,&nbsp;Kai Song ,&nbsp;Pengyi Li ,&nbsp;Guanwen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Duobaoshan island arc contains early Paleozoic association of adakitic high-Mg andesite, Nb-enriched basalt, and porphyry Cu deposits, concurrently indicating the ridge subduction in the eastern Xing’an Massif. This study further understands the unique island arc setting through the mantle metasomatism, oxygen fugacity and crustal thickness based on the zircon U–Pb geochronologic and Hf isotopic data from the early Paleozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks, as well as the whole–rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data from the igneous rocks in the Duobaoshan region, Xing’an Massif. The early Paleozoic igneous rocks are typical arc–type with low (La/Yb)_N ratios (3.37–6.60), exhibiting highly depleted zircon Hf (ε_Hf(t) = +12.44∼+16.50) and whole–rock Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7036–0.7048; ε_Nd(t) = +4.76∼+8.17; ε_Hf(t) = +12.44∼+16.50), which were derived from the depleted mantle metasomatized mainly by slab fluid accompanied with the altered oceanic crust melt and pelagic sediment melt, and reflected the maturing process of the island arc. In addition, the Early Ordovician igneous rocks indicated the increase of mantle temperature and oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ &gt; 2) leading to the solubility of metallogenetic elements, and the thickening crust was also conducive to the mineralization. Then we further revealed the existence of a Precambrian basement of the Xing’an Massif based on the sedimentary rocks, the geochronology of which revealed the youngest ages of 504–478 Ma, yielding the age peaks at 771 Ma, ∼860 Ma, ∼950 Ma, and ∼1800 Ma ∼2500 Ma. In the meanwhile, the Hf isotopic data of 600–478 Ma detrital zircons show depleted to more enriched ε_Hf(t) values (–10.22 to +12.70) and a proximal depositional traits, indicating that majority of the Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic detrital zircons migrated from the Duobaoshan region, Xing’an Massif.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 16-34"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Episodic early Paleozoic arc magmatism of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: Evidence from geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of plutonic rocks in the southern East Kunlun Orogen","authors":"Xiang Ren ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Dong ,&nbsp;Inna Safonova ,&nbsp;Shengsi Sun ,&nbsp;Dengfeng He ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuangang Yue ,&nbsp;Bo Hui ,&nbsp;Qiuming Pei ,&nbsp;Baoping Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The southern East Kunlun Orogen (EKO) experienced protracted orogeny linked to the Proto-Tethys and Paleo-Tethys oceans. However, the evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean remains much less understood leaving the question of the timing of subduction initiation and magmatism. Here, we studied three early Paleozoic plutons exposed in the southern EKO: Kekesha (KKS) and Xialawen (XLW) gabbro-dioritic plutons and Longwakalu (LWKL) granitic pluton for geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes. A KKS quartz diorite, XLW hornblende gabbro, and LWKL granite crystallized at 494, 470 and 477 Ma, respectively. The KKS gabbro-granodiorite series and XLW hornblende gabbros are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, but depleted in high strength field elements. The LWKL granites possess adakitic features: high Na₂O content, Sr/Y and La/Yb_N ratios and differentiated heavy REEs. Isotopically, XLW hornblende gabbros and LWKL granites are less enriched isotopes (εNd_(t) = −4.3 to −3.9; εHf_(t) = −4.6 to +2.0) than KKS gabbro and granodiorite (εNd_(t) = −7.0; εHf_(t) = −7.2 to −4.8). Sr-Nd isotopic modeling suggests that KKS and XLW plutons were derived through partial melting of mantle wedge modified by different amounts of subducted terrigenous-dominated sediment derived melts. The LWKL adakitic granites were formed by high-pressure reworking of underplated arc-type intermediate rocks. The emplacement of early Paleozoic gabbro-granodiorite series and adakitic granites was related to subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean which started no later than ca. 500 Ma. Our new data along with available ages suggest that the supra-subduction magmatism of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the southern EKO is episodic with peaks at ca. 495, 470, and 430 Ma. The first two episodes of magmatism mainly represent melting of enriched mantle wedge, and the third is the main pulse of magmatism formed by simultaneous melting of multiple sources of crustal rocks, subducted oceanic slab and mantle wedge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 44-63"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil mobility evaluation and light hydrocarbon restoration in shale reservoirs: a review","authors":"Yue Feng ,&nbsp;Xianming Xiao ,&nbsp;Enze Wang ,&nbsp;Chengang Lu ,&nbsp;Changrong Li ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Yineng Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic matter-rich shale, a widely developed fine-grained sedimentary rock, hosts critical unconventional petroleum resources. Accurately assessing the resource potential and economic value of shale oil reservoirs is crucial for energy strategy decision-making, yet two challenges persist: evaluating oil mobility, and addressing light hydrocarbon evaporation. This study provides a review of these two critical dimensions. Laboratory testing forms the foundation of oil mobility assessment. In practice, method selection should be guided by the specific geological settings, data availability, and economic considerations. Notably, artificial intelligence offers the potential to generate accurate predictions even from limited datasets. This study establishes a generalizable framework validated through a case study on oil mobility evaluation under small-sample dataset scenarios. The second part divides the light hydrocarbon loss process from coring to experimental data acquisition into four distinct stages. The loss is continuously influenced by time-related degradation, with each stage characterized by different controlling factors. Nonetheless, the oil properties of shale and its own attributes remain consistent overarching influences. Minimizing additional losses through comprehensive and practical strategies represents the most effective solution. Future advances in experimental technologies, refined frameworks, and the deep mining and integration of data will enhance assessment accuracy. The findings of this study are expected to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the precise evaluation of resources in shale systems and the efficient delineation of prospective exploration targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 122-154"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating climate challenges: harnessing energy, eco-innovation, and climate policy in achieving sustainable development goals","authors":"Huangxin Chen ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Stefania Pinzon ,&nbsp;Meijin Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon emissions cause climate change, a danger to society and the environment. Despite efforts, the US remains one of the largest carbon dioxide emitters, which may lead to rising seas, increased natural disasters, and ecological catastrophes. Therefore, we need policies that are immediately effective in preventing carbon emissions. In this perspective, this study scrutinizes the role of Energy Transition (E_T), Eco-Innovation (E_INO), Globalization (G_N), Sustainable Consumption (S_C), and Climate Policy Uncertainty (C_PU) on CO₂ emissions and Load Capacity Factor (L_CF) from 1980 to 2019. Utilizing cutting-edge econometric techniques includes dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) simulations and Cumulative Fourier Frequency Domain Causality (CFFDC). The results indicate that E_INO reduces emissions, while E_T and C_PU provide short-term reductions. Conversely, G_N and S_C shortly upsurge emissions, though S_C behaves differently under CFFDC analysis. The study also divulges bidirectional causality among most variables, with G_N and S_C significantly impacting L_CF in specific models. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted policies, such as carbon taxes, incentives for renewable energy adoption, and stringent emissions regulations, to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13. In conclusion, such policy measures are critical for the United States to contribute effectively to global efforts to combat climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water circulation, redox, and productivity dynamics shaped late Ediacaran ecosystems: Insights from trace elements and combined Sr–Cr–Cd isotopes in the Corumbá Group, Brazil","authors":"Henrique Albuquerque Fernandes ,&nbsp;Paulo César Boggiani ,&nbsp;Jesper Allan Frederiksen ,&nbsp;Thales Pescarini ,&nbsp;Vinicius Cardoso Lucas ,&nbsp;Gustavo Paula Santos ,&nbsp;Eric Elias ,&nbsp;Marly Babinski ,&nbsp;Juliana Leme ,&nbsp;Catherine V. Rose ,&nbsp;Ricardo Ivan Ferreira Trindade ,&nbsp;Robert Frei","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between marine oxygenation and early animal evolution remains a highly debated topic. Recent research suggests that, rather than absolute atmospheric O₂ threshold levels, the main factor controlling early animal distribution was long-term local marine redox conditions. To explore this hypothesis, we present trace element data along with Sr, Cr, and Cd isotopes in carbonate rocks from the late Ediacaran Corumbá Group, Brazil, obtained from drill cores of the GRIND-ECT project. This multiproxy approach is designed to constrain basin water circulation, redox conditions, and bioproductivity levels from ca. 565 to 540 Ma, ultimately aiming to reconstruct the paleoceanographic scenario in which early animal colonization occurred in the Corumbá Basin. Redox-sensitive metal abundances indicate a contrasting redox scenario, with predominant anoxia in the Bocaina Formation and expanded oxia in the overlying Tamengo Formation. This interpretation is further reinforced by Cr isotopes, whereby δ⁵³Cr passes from low values in the range of Bulk Silicate Earth to positively fractionated values upsection. Two negative δ⁵³Cr excursions in the Tamengo Formation are interpreted as anoxic intervals. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values decrease from 0.7100 in the Bocaina Formation to late Ediacaran values around 0.7085 in the Tamengo Formation. These radiogenic values in the Bocaina Formation are attributed to post-depositional diagenesis of Sr-depleted dolostones. Lastly, variable δ¹¹⁴Cd in the Bocaina Formation indicate contrasting productivity levels during highstand and flooding periods. The two anoxic intervals in the Tamengo Formation exhibit anomalous negative δ¹¹⁴Cd values, which may be linked to widespread eutrophication. Our study, combined with compilations of redox and fossil data, reveals that the Corumbá Basin evolved from a predominantly anoxic setting dominated by microfossils in the Bocaina Formation, to a connected marine setting in the Tamengo Formation. This later phase featured a deeper redoxcline and was dominated by fossils of biomineralizing animals, representing a near-optimal environment for early animal benthic colonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 236-257"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation and distribution of microplastics in surface water and sediments of Coimbatore Lakes, India","authors":"Davis Kaimalayil Ephsy,&nbsp;Selvaraju Raja","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantified the abundance, distribution, and characteristics of microplastics in surface water and sediments from five lakes in the Coimbatore District: Kumaraswamy Lake, Ukkadam Lake, Kuruchi Lake, Singanallur Lake, and<!--> <!-->Sulur Lake. The highest microplastic abundance was found in the<!--> <!-->surface water of Kuruchi Lake (14.08 ± 0.63 particles/L) at site S5 during the monsoon, and in the surface sediments of Kumaraswamy Lake (13.33 ± 0.33 particles/g) at site S6 during summer. Spatial distribution patterns indicated that lakes receiving urban runoff, domestic wastewater inflow, and inputs from fishing and recreational activities exhibited higher microplastic concentrations. Seasonal variations showed elevated microplastic abundance in summer sediments and monsoon surface water samples. Microplastics were identified using Attenuated total reflectance- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)), revealing Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), High-density polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and Polypropylene (PP). These microplastic occurred in white, transparent, black, blue, yellow, and pink colors and appeared as films, fragments, thin pieces, and fibres. Characteristic DSC melting peaks were observed 200 °C for PET, 167.98 °C for PP, 126.70 °C for LLDPE, and 130.02 °C for HDPE. The lake’s pollution load index is categorized as risk level 1, indicating a low level of microplastic pollution. The presence and distribution of these microplastics suggest potential ecological risks to freshwater organisms and possible implications for human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 310-322"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal spatial scale selection for maximizing regional ecological management benefits","authors":"Jing Shi ,&nbsp;Dawei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Aokang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trade-off/synergy relationship among landscape elements exhibit pronounced spatial scale dependence and it profoundly affects the scientific rationality and practical effectiveness of regional ecological management decisions by altering the mechanisms of interactions among ecosystem services. While existing studies have made progress in characterizing multi-scale differences, there is still a lack of research on determining the optimal scale of management to maximize ecological benefits. Therefore, this study constructed a framework for analyzing scale effect resolution and optimal scale identification by integrating wavelet analysis, spatial autocorrelation and semi-variational functions. At the same time, by combining the XGBoost-SHAP model to interpret environmental factors exhibiting trade-off/synergy spatial heterogeneity, we proposed an optimal management scale optimization strategy based on comprehensive error minimization and took the interactive relationships among production, liveling, and ecological land use function (LUF) within the Heihe River Basin as the empirical subject. The research findings are as follows: 1) Spatial scale expansion strengthens the overall synergy between LUFs (by 0.07–0.24) but weakens the trade-off intensity within some grid cells; 2) The optimal ecological management scale in the study area was determined through semi-variogram optimal fitting to be 7 km, at which distance the trade-off/synergy fitting degree among all LUFs was optimal (with the highest <em>r</em>² reaching 0.959); 3) Both natural and socio-economic factors influence the trade-off/synergy among land-use functions, and the trade-off areas are mainly located in the densely populated central oasis areas (accounting for up to 13.93% of the watershed). This study proposed an integrated spatial governance system comprising core conservation, transitional regulation, and collaborative development. Building upon this, we contended that mitigating land use function trade-off primarily requires differentiated management strategies, including optimizing land use structures (avoiding excessive expansion of construction land), controlling population density, and preventing excessive concentration of economic scale (GDP). This study provides methodological support for resolving the multi-scale ecological management decision and sustainable development dilemma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 103-121"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and PAH contamination in the Eastern Arabian Sea: A synergistic environmental hazard","authors":"Priyansha Gupta ,&nbsp;Mahua Saha ,&nbsp;Chayanika Rathore ,&nbsp;V. Suneel ,&nbsp;Jacob de Boer ,&nbsp;Anita Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How significant is the role of microplastics (MPs) in transporting toxic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine ecosystems, particularly along India’s vulnerable coastlines? Despite growing recognition of MPs as persistent pollutants and effective sorbents for hydrophobic compounds, limited evidence exists on their contaminant-loading potential in the Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS), a region subjected to intense anthropogenic stressors. This study quantifies PAHs associated with both pellets and fragments from 14 beaches in Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka along the EAS using column chromatography followed by Gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy techniques. The concentrations of ∑16PAHs in pellets were 1.9–29,500 ng/g (Goa), 0.6–22,900 ng/g (Mumbai), and 0.8–21,400 ng/g (Karnataka). For the fragments the ∑16PAHs ranged from 2 to 2,100 ng/g (Karnataka), followed by 1–1,500 ng/g (Goa) to 12–230 (Mumbai). 4–6 ring-PAHs dominated and the diagnostic ratios indicated combination of processes such as pyrolytic, petroleum spills, and combustion activities. The study also investigated which type of MPs, pellets or fragments, exhibited higher PAH concentrations, and explored the factors responsible. Pellets consistently exhibited higher PAH loads, likely due to their smaller size, greater surface area, and prolonged environmental exposure. The ecological risk associated with PAH-contaminated MPs showed that ∑PAH was higher than TEL (Threshold effect level) and ERL (Effects range low), indicating a probable occasional biological impact. On the other hand, lower ∑PAH level than PEL (Probable effect level) and ERM (Effects ranged median) suggest no significant adverse effects on marine or human ecosystems at the evaluated locations. By highlighting the ecological risks of PAH-contaminated MPs and their role as pollutant vectors, this study raises urgent questions: how far can these invisible threats disperse, and what are their long-term implications for coastal ecosystems and public health?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oldest rock in the Eurasian continent was reworked from Hadean protocrust","authors":"Xiao-Fei Qiu ,&nbsp;Da Wang ,&nbsp;Xi-Run Tong ,&nbsp;Shi-Wen Xie ,&nbsp;Nian-Wen Wu ,&nbsp;Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oldest rocks provide direct constraints on the nature of the first crust on Earth and the earliest magmatic process, which is significant for understanding the physical and chemical properties of our planet’s early stage. On the modern Earth, Hadean to Eoarchean crustal rocks have been identified in less than ten areas worldwide. Due to relatively poor preservation of early Archean rocks, major controversies exist on the tectonic mechanisms responsible for the formation of the continent during the early Earth. Therefore, identification of new Eoarchean or even Hadean crustal exposures would provide key information for understanding the formation and evolution of early continental crust and its geodynamic driver in the early Earth. Here, we report the new identification of Eoarchean trondhjemitic gneisses in the Muzidian Gneiss Complex (MGC) in the northern margin of Yangtze Craton. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of 3855 ± 7 Ma and 3851 ± 6 Ma suggest this trondhjemite unit in the MGC is the oldest known igneous rock in Eurasia. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that the MGC gneisses were formed from reworking of pre-existing Hadean crust older than 4.1 Ga. These newly recognized rocks in the MGC mark an important, Hadean crust derived, ancient gneiss complex, which is isotopically comparable to the Acasta Gneiss Complex in the currently established global Eoarchean geological record. Our findings indicate that at least some of the earliest crustal rocks might have originated from an early-differentiated, incompatible element-enriched protocrust in the Hadean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals in food: mechanisms of toxicity and migration through various routes in different foods","authors":"Md Faruque Ahmad ,&nbsp;Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad ,&nbsp;Md. Zeyaullah ,&nbsp;Farkad Bantun ,&nbsp;Ahmad O. Babalghith ,&nbsp;Mazen M. Ghaith ,&nbsp;Yousef Zahrani ,&nbsp;Hytham Hummad ,&nbsp;Boshra Mozaffar ,&nbsp;Mohammad Firoz Alam ,&nbsp;Abdullah Y. Otayf","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals consist of a variety of elements, including lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium, among others. Industrial operations, packaging, mining, agricultural practices, and waste discharges are all examples of anthropogenic activities that contribute to the production of persistent environmental pollutants. These pollutants originate from natural causes, such as volcanic eruptions and rock weathering, as well as from anthropogenic activity. These metals infiltrate ecosystems, contaminating water, soil, and air, subsequently entering the food chain through consumption by animals and plants. The primary dietary sources of heavy metal exposure consist of contaminated vegetables, fruits, cereals, fish, and shellfish. Metals accumulate in these foods, and posing substantial risks to human health. Heavy metals present in foods produce toxicities through various mechanisms that include generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of cellular processes, oxidative stress, protein and enzyme inactivation, and DNA damage and genomic instability, leading to organ impairment, cancer, reproductive disorders, cardiac disorders, and endocrine disruption. Study highlighting the serious need for regulation, monitoring, and remediation approaches to minimise the threat of heavy metals across the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 258-273"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}