The role of epigenetics in tomato stress adaptation

Climate change poses a major challenge to agriculture, affecting crop production through shifting weather patterns and an increase in extreme conditions such as heat waves, droughts, and floods, all of which are further compounded by biotic stress factors. Tomatoes, a vital dietary staple and significant agricultural product worldwide, are particularly susceptible to these changes. The need for developing climate-resilient tomato varieties is more urgent than ever to ensure food security. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, play essential roles in gene expression regulation. These modifications can affect plant traits and responses to environmental stresses, enabling tomatoes to maintain productivity despite variable climates or disease pressures. Tomato, as a model plant, offers valuable insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying fruit development and responses to stress. This review provides an overview of key discoveries regarding to tomato response and resilience mechanisms related to epigenetics, highlighting their potential in breeding strategies to enhance tomato resilience against both abiotic and biotic challenges, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices in the context of global climate change.