Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100063
Feng Sun , Ya-Feng Zhang , Pan-Pan Jiang , Yue Li , Shi-Kai Cao , Chun-Hui Xu , Yong Wang
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein is integral to various post-transcriptional processing functions of precursor RNA in plant mitochondria and plastids. It plays a significant role in seed development, plant growth and development, and male infertility, thereby influencing crop yield and hybrid breeding. Over the past 30 years, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the molecular functions and mechanisms of PPR proteins in various species, including Arabidopsis, maize, rice, and moss. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of advances in the role of plant mitochondrial PPRs in post-transcriptional regulation, focusing on RNA editing, intron splicing, stability of 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), maturation of 5' UTRs as well as RNA translation. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications of engineered PPR proteins in crop breeding and outline future research directions to resolve the outstanding questions surrounding the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins.
{"title":"Advances and prospects of plant mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in post-transcriptional processing","authors":"Feng Sun , Ya-Feng Zhang , Pan-Pan Jiang , Yue Li , Shi-Kai Cao , Chun-Hui Xu , Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein is integral to various post-transcriptional processing functions of precursor RNA in plant mitochondria and plastids. It plays a significant role in seed development, plant growth and development, and male infertility, thereby influencing crop yield and hybrid breeding. Over the past 30 years, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the molecular functions and mechanisms of PPR proteins in various species, including Arabidopsis, maize, rice, and moss. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of advances in the role of plant mitochondrial PPRs in post-transcriptional regulation, focusing on RNA editing, intron splicing, stability of 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), maturation of 5' UTRs as well as RNA translation. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications of engineered PPR proteins in crop breeding and outline future research directions to resolve the outstanding questions surrounding the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100062
Xiaowen Han , Yan Li , Wai Kyaw Htet Wai , Junliang Yin , Yongxing Zhu
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules formed through the back-splicing of precursor mRNA, widely found in eukaryotes. They regulate linear mRNA expression and fulfill various biological roles, including serving as miRNA sponges, interacting with proteins to modulate pathways, and influencing protein translation. CircRNAs have been extensively studied for their significant roles in plant growth, development, and responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive summary of bioinformatics tools, online databases, characteristics, research methods, potential biological functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNA in plants. It specifically delves into strategies for studying circRNAs, including techniques for overexpression, silencing, and knockdown. Furthermore, it highlights molecular studies on the role of circRNA in plant growth and stress responses. The discussed mechanisms include circRNA acting as miRNA sponges, regulating parental gene expression, interacting with proteins, and exhibiting potential translational functions. By offering a detailed overview of plant circRNAs, this review aims to deepen researchers´ understanding and provide valuable insights for future circRNA studies.
{"title":"The bioinformatic tools, characteristics, biological functions and molecular mechanisms associated with plant circular RNA","authors":"Xiaowen Han , Yan Li , Wai Kyaw Htet Wai , Junliang Yin , Yongxing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules formed through the back-splicing of precursor mRNA, widely found in eukaryotes. They regulate linear mRNA expression and fulfill various biological roles, including serving as miRNA sponges, interacting with proteins to modulate pathways, and influencing protein translation. CircRNAs have been extensively studied for their significant roles in plant growth, development, and responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive summary of bioinformatics tools, online databases, characteristics, research methods, potential biological functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNA in plants. It specifically delves into strategies for studying circRNAs, including techniques for overexpression, silencing, and knockdown. Furthermore, it highlights molecular studies on the role of circRNA in plant growth and stress responses. The discussed mechanisms include circRNA acting as miRNA sponges, regulating parental gene expression, interacting with proteins, and exhibiting potential translational functions. By offering a detailed overview of plant circRNAs, this review aims to deepen researchers´ understanding and provide valuable insights for future circRNA studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100058
Ying Chen, Tiantian Ye, Shaoqing Tang, Peisong Hu
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), native to tropical regions, is highly vulnerable to low temperatures, limiting its geographical range and posing a substantial threat to global rice production. Our understanding of the molecular basis for cold tolerance in rice remains incomplete. A recent study identified OsERF52, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, as a new upstream regulator of OsCBFs, through a mutant screening approach. Under cold stress, phosphorylation of OsERF52 at Ser261 by OsSAPK9 not only stabilizes the protein but also enhances its interaction with IPA1 and OsICE1/OsbHLH002, leading to an increase in OsCBF transcription and enhanced chilling tolerance. Importantly, plants with a base-edited OsERF52S261D-3HA allele show improved cold resistance without yield loss under normal conditions. After chilling stress at the booting stage, these plants had significantly higher seed-setting rates than controls. These findings establish OsERF52 as a key regulator of OsCBFs, highlight a novel kinase-transcription factor complex that modulates cold response, and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties.
{"title":"Facing chilling, kinase-transcription factors relay cold tolerance signals","authors":"Ying Chen, Tiantian Ye, Shaoqing Tang, Peisong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.), native to tropical regions, is highly vulnerable to low temperatures, limiting its geographical range and posing a substantial threat to global rice production. Our understanding of the molecular basis for cold tolerance in rice remains incomplete. A recent study identified OsERF52, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, as a new upstream regulator of <em>OsCBF</em>s, through a mutant screening approach. Under cold stress, phosphorylation of OsERF52 at Ser261 by OsSAPK9 not only stabilizes the protein but also enhances its interaction with IPA1 and OsICE1/OsbHLH002, leading to an increase in <em>OsCBF</em> transcription and enhanced chilling tolerance. Importantly, plants with a base-edited <em>OsERF52</em><sup><em>S261D</em></sup><em>-3HA</em> allele show improved cold resistance without yield loss under normal conditions. After chilling stress at the booting stage, these plants had significantly higher seed-setting rates than controls. These findings establish OsERF52 as a key regulator of <em>OsCBF</em>s, highlight a novel kinase-transcription factor complex that modulates cold response, and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100059
Yongfeng Hu , Chao He , Xin Gong , Huan Xu , Xiaofei Chen , Yuning Shen , Gongjian Zeng , Xiner Qin , Zhuying Deng , Zhengquan He , Xiangling Shen
Epigenetic regulation is essential for plant development and stress responses, as numerous stress-responsive genes are modulated epigenetically. However, most research has focused on individual histone marks. This study expands on previous work by examining the genome-wide profiles of seven histone marks (H3K9ac, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3, H2A.Z, and H3K4me2) in sorghum leaves and roots under PEG-induced drought stress. Results revealed that five histone marks (excluding H3K36me3 and H3K27me3) were significantly associated with drought-responsive gene expression. The differential enrichment of these marks may enhance the induction of drought-responsive genes. Specifically, a subset of genes showed multiple histone marks' differential enrichment, with most clade A PP2C genes exhibiting enrichment for four marks after PEG treatment. This suggests a critical role for robust PP2C gene induction in sorghum’s drought response. Additionally, promoter cis-element analysis identified ERF family transcription factors as potential mediators of histone mark enrichment under drought conditions, providing new insights into the interaction between epigenetic modifications and transcriptional regulation in plant stress responses.
{"title":"Epigenomic studies in sorghum reveal differential enrichment of multiple histone marks at clade A PP2C genes in response to drought","authors":"Yongfeng Hu , Chao He , Xin Gong , Huan Xu , Xiaofei Chen , Yuning Shen , Gongjian Zeng , Xiner Qin , Zhuying Deng , Zhengquan He , Xiangling Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epigenetic regulation is essential for plant development and stress responses, as numerous stress-responsive genes are modulated epigenetically. However, most research has focused on individual histone marks. This study expands on previous work by examining the genome-wide profiles of seven histone marks (H3K9ac, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3, H2A.Z, and H3K4me2) in sorghum leaves and roots under PEG-induced drought stress. Results revealed that five histone marks (excluding H3K36me3 and H3K27me3) were significantly associated with drought-responsive gene expression. The differential enrichment of these marks may enhance the induction of drought-responsive genes. Specifically, a subset of genes showed multiple histone marks' differential enrichment, with most clade A <em>PP2C</em> genes exhibiting enrichment for four marks after PEG treatment. This suggests a critical role for robust <em>PP2C</em> gene induction in sorghum’s drought response. Additionally, promoter <em>cis</em>-element analysis identified ERF family transcription factors as potential mediators of histone mark enrichment under drought conditions, providing new insights into the interaction between epigenetic modifications and transcriptional regulation in plant stress responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extreme climate change and rapid population growth present significant challenges to global food security. Among these challenges, salt stress is a critical abiotic factor adversely affecting agricultural productivity worldwide. Plants respond to salinity through mechanisms such as ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, activation of antioxidant defense systems, and phytohormone signaling, all of which serve to mitigate ion toxicity and osmotic stress. Despite ongoing efforts, advancements in the breeding and rigorous selection of salt-tolerant crops have been limited. Furthermore, the full potential of genetic diversity found in crop landraces and their wild relatives remains largely unexplored. Investigating novel genes from wild relatives of crops presents a promising opportunity to identify superior salt-tolerant haplotypes. Genomic and molecular approaches for precision breeding are well-positioned to expedite the development of salt-tolerant cultivars. Consequently, this review aims to investigate novel salt-tolerant genes and the application of modern biotechnological tools to enhance salinity tolerance in crops.
{"title":"Genomic and modern biotechnological strategies for enhancing salt tolerance in crops","authors":"Jingya Yuan, Hongwei Cao, Wenlang Qin, Shijie Yang, Daiwei Zhang, Lin Zhu, Huiling Song, Qun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme climate change and rapid population growth present significant challenges to global food security. Among these challenges, salt stress is a critical abiotic factor adversely affecting agricultural productivity worldwide. Plants respond to salinity through mechanisms such as ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, activation of antioxidant defense systems, and phytohormone signaling, all of which serve to mitigate ion toxicity and osmotic stress. Despite ongoing efforts, advancements in the breeding and rigorous selection of salt-tolerant crops have been limited. Furthermore, the full potential of genetic diversity found in crop landraces and their wild relatives remains largely unexplored. Investigating novel genes from wild relatives of crops presents a promising opportunity to identify superior salt-tolerant haplotypes. Genomic and molecular approaches for precision breeding are well-positioned to expedite the development of salt-tolerant cultivars. Consequently, this review aims to investigate novel salt-tolerant genes and the application of modern biotechnological tools to enhance salinity tolerance in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100056
Liangfa Wang , Juan Li , Baiyu Yuan , Huiyu Zhang , Yuan Lin , Jiong Wan , Jiawen Zhao , Qiyue Wang , Xiaolong Ju , Xiaoyang Chen , Xuehai Zhang , Yadong Xue , Rui Song , Zhiyuan Fu , Hongbing Luo , Dong Ding , Jihua Tang
Hybridization has long been a crucial strategy for breeders aiming to develop high-yield crops vital for global food security. However, the exact molecular mechanisms driving heterosis (hybrid vigor) remain a topic of debate. Maize (Zea mays), which demonstrates pronounced heterosis, serves as an ideal model for studying this phenomenon. In our study, we carefully measured phenotypic changes in ear diameter, tracing its development from the inflorescence meristem (IM) to the floral meristem (FM) stages. Our findings revealed a complex progression: the hybrid's ear diameter followed an additive pattern during the IM and spikelet pair meristem (SPM) stages, shifted to incomplete dominance at the spikelet meristem (SM) stage, and ultimately displayed over-dominance at the FM stage. Notably, significant phenotypic changes occurred during the SM stage with gene expression primarily showing non-additive patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the role of cell redox homeostasis genes, which exhibited over-dominant expression in hybrids, as key contributors to heterosis. Furthermore, we identified a distinct gene expression category—dominant maternal or paternal gene expression in F1 hybrids (DMP)—characterized by exclusive expression in the hybrid and one parent, while remaining inactive in the other. This category of DMP genes plays a pivotal role in shaping the diverse gene expression patterns observed in hybrids, distinguishing them from their parental lines. In conclusion, the widespread occurrence of non-additive expression seems to enhance the efficiency of biological processes and energy distribution in hybrids, ultimately driving the manifestation of heterosis.
{"title":"Unraveling the genetic mechanisms of maize ear diameter heterosis","authors":"Liangfa Wang , Juan Li , Baiyu Yuan , Huiyu Zhang , Yuan Lin , Jiong Wan , Jiawen Zhao , Qiyue Wang , Xiaolong Ju , Xiaoyang Chen , Xuehai Zhang , Yadong Xue , Rui Song , Zhiyuan Fu , Hongbing Luo , Dong Ding , Jihua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybridization has long been a crucial strategy for breeders aiming to develop high-yield crops vital for global food security. However, the exact molecular mechanisms driving heterosis (hybrid vigor) remain a topic of debate. Maize (<em>Zea mays</em>), which demonstrates pronounced heterosis, serves as an ideal model for studying this phenomenon. In our study, we carefully measured phenotypic changes in ear diameter, tracing its development from the inflorescence meristem (IM) to the floral meristem (FM) stages. Our findings revealed a complex progression: the hybrid's ear diameter followed an additive pattern during the IM and spikelet pair meristem (SPM) stages, shifted to incomplete dominance at the spikelet meristem (SM) stage, and ultimately displayed over-dominance at the FM stage. Notably, significant phenotypic changes occurred during the SM stage with gene expression primarily showing non-additive patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the role of cell redox homeostasis genes, which exhibited over-dominant expression in hybrids, as key contributors to heterosis. Furthermore, we identified a distinct gene expression category—dominant maternal or paternal gene expression in F<sub>1</sub> hybrids (DMP)—characterized by exclusive expression in the hybrid and one parent, while remaining inactive in the other. This category of DMP genes plays a pivotal role in shaping the diverse gene expression patterns observed in hybrids, distinguishing them from their parental lines. In conclusion, the widespread occurrence of non-additive expression seems to enhance the efficiency of biological processes and energy distribution in hybrids, ultimately driving the manifestation of heterosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100055
Like Chen , Kejian Wang , Chun Wang
Meiosis is an indispensable process in sexual reproduction, involving the recombination of genetic information and the production of haploid gamete cells through the segregation of sister chromatids. In crop breeding, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of meiosis is fundamental for manipulating recombination frequency and distribution, as well as for generating polyploid plants. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the processes and genes involved in genetic recombination during Meiosis I, and the regulatory mechanisms of the second meiotic division during Meiosis II. Furthermore, we have outlined the breeding innovations achieved through the manipulation of meiosis, including the enhancement of genetic recombination frequency, alteration of recombination distribution, construction of artificial apomixis systems, and implementation of autopolyploid progressive heterosis (APH). This knowledge forms the cornerstone for further crop breeding applications, ultimately contributing to the optimization of crop yield and quality.
{"title":"Meiosis in plants: From understanding to manipulation","authors":"Like Chen , Kejian Wang , Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meiosis is an indispensable process in sexual reproduction, involving the recombination of genetic information and the production of haploid gamete cells through the segregation of sister chromatids. In crop breeding, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of meiosis is fundamental for manipulating recombination frequency and distribution, as well as for generating polyploid plants. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the processes and genes involved in genetic recombination during Meiosis I, and the regulatory mechanisms of the second meiotic division during Meiosis II. Furthermore, we have outlined the breeding innovations achieved through the manipulation of meiosis, including the enhancement of genetic recombination frequency, alteration of recombination distribution, construction of artificial apomixis systems, and implementation of autopolyploid progressive heterosis (APH). This knowledge forms the cornerstone for further crop breeding applications, ultimately contributing to the optimization of crop yield and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100054
Yujie Wang , Yi He , Yahui Zhai , Salim Al-Babili , Yuchen Miao , Kun-Peng Jia
Cotton is a fundamental component of the textile industry, dominating natural fiber production globally. Besides textiles, cotton plays diverse roles such as producing cooking oil, seed feed, and even medicinal applications. Naturally colored cotton (NCC), featuring pigments derived from phenylpropanoids, offers a spectrum of hues in brown and green categories, providing an environmentally friendly and dye-free option. Despite the advantages of NCC, challenges such as limited superior NCC germplasm, coupled with lower strength, yield, pigment instability, and color constraints, have hindered NCC cultivar development. Recent advancements include developing pink cotton through betalain pathway engineering, highlighting biotechnological avenues for enhancing NCC cultivars. Carotenoids, diverse natural pigments with distinctive yellow, orange, and reddish hues, are essential for photosynthesis and serve as attractants for pollination in plants. Additionally, they are indispensable for human health as precursors of vitamin A and potent antioxidants, revolutionizing nutrient fortification in numerous crops. This review underscores advancements in NCC and carotenoid biofortification in crops, advocating genetic engineering via carotenoid biofortification in fibers to expand NCC’s color spectrum and revolutionize fiber development.
棉花是纺织业的基本组成部分，在全球天然纤维生产中占主导地位。除纺织品外，棉花还发挥着多种作用，如生产食用油、种子饲料甚至药用。天然彩棉（NCC）的颜料来源于苯丙酮类物质，可提供棕色和绿色等多种色调，是一种环保且不含染料的选择。尽管 NCC 具有诸多优势，但由于 NCC 优良种质有限，再加上强度、产量、色素不稳定性和颜色限制等挑战，NCC 栽培品种的开发受到了阻碍。最近取得的进展包括通过甜菜苷途径工程开发出粉色棉花，这凸显了提高净土棉花栽培品种的生物技术途径。类胡萝卜素是多种天然色素，具有独特的黄色、橙色和红色，是植物进行光合作用所必需的，也是植物授粉的吸引物。此外，类胡萝卜素还是人类健康不可或缺的维生素 A 前体和强效抗氧化剂，为许多作物的营养强化带来了革命性的变化。本综述强调了作物中类胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素生物强化的进展，提倡通过纤维中类胡萝卜素生物强化进行基因工程，以扩大类胡萝卜素的色谱并彻底改变纤维的发展。
{"title":"Perspectives on developing natural colored cotton through carotenoid biofortification","authors":"Yujie Wang , Yi He , Yahui Zhai , Salim Al-Babili , Yuchen Miao , Kun-Peng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotton is a fundamental component of the textile industry, dominating natural fiber production globally. Besides textiles, cotton plays diverse roles such as producing cooking oil, seed feed, and even medicinal applications. Naturally colored cotton (NCC), featuring pigments derived from phenylpropanoids, offers a spectrum of hues in brown and green categories, providing an environmentally friendly and dye-free option. Despite the advantages of NCC, challenges such as limited superior NCC germplasm, coupled with lower strength, yield, pigment instability, and color constraints, have hindered NCC cultivar development. Recent advancements include developing pink cotton through betalain pathway engineering, highlighting biotechnological avenues for enhancing NCC cultivars. Carotenoids, diverse natural pigments with distinctive yellow, orange, and reddish hues, are essential for photosynthesis and serve as attractants for pollination in plants. Additionally, they are indispensable for human health as precursors of vitamin A and potent antioxidants, revolutionizing nutrient fortification in numerous crops. This review underscores advancements in NCC and carotenoid biofortification in crops, advocating genetic engineering via carotenoid biofortification in fibers to expand NCC’s color spectrum and revolutionize fiber development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100053
Ruiqi Sun , Lele Li , Yan Li , Huanhuan He , Zhaojun Ding , Cuiling Li
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are key regulators of numerous aspects of plant growth and development through mediating auxin signaling. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of ZmARFs to identify and validate all auxin response factor genes in maize. These ZmARF genes were categorized into four distinct groups (I-IV) based on phylogenetic analysis, revealing seven sister pairs. We presented detailed information on gene sequences, structures, chromosome locations, and conserved motifs of ZmARFs. Through transient expression assays, we identified transcriptional activators or repressors among ZmARFs. Notably, our study demonstrated, for the first time, that ZmARF3 acts as a positive regulator of adventitious roots development in maize. This study not only provides basic insights into the maize ARF gene family but also sheds light on the specific functions of ZmARF3, paving the way for a more precise understanding of ZmARFs' roles in plant growth and development in maize.
{"title":"Genome-wide characterization, identification, and isolation of auxin response factor (ARF) gene family in maize","authors":"Ruiqi Sun , Lele Li , Yan Li , Huanhuan He , Zhaojun Ding , Cuiling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auxin response factors (ARFs) are key regulators of numerous aspects of plant growth and development through mediating auxin signaling. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of <em>ZmARF</em>s to identify and validate all auxin response factor genes in maize. These <em>ZmARF</em> genes were categorized into four distinct groups (I-IV) based on phylogenetic analysis, revealing seven sister pairs. We presented detailed information on gene sequences, structures, chromosome locations, and conserved motifs of ZmARFs. Through transient expression assays, we identified transcriptional activators or repressors among ZmARFs. Notably, our study demonstrated, for the first time, that ZmARF3 acts as a positive regulator of adventitious roots development in maize. This study not only provides basic insights into the maize ARF gene family but also sheds light on the specific functions of ZmARF3, paving the way for a more precise understanding of ZmARFs' roles in plant growth and development in maize.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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