Preparation and characterization of zein-based active packaging films integrated with TiO2 nanotube arrays

Environmentally-friendly active packaging films provide a novel approach for food preservation, addressing the major challenge of plastic pollution. In this study, we developed a zein-based flexible film incorporating TiO₂ nanotube arrays (TNTAs). We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the microstructure, spectroscopic properties, water resistance, mechanical strength, and antimicrobial activity of the film. The incorporation of TNTAs with varying tube lengths (ranging from 700 nm to 5.2 µm) resulted in their uniform dispersion within the zein matrix and significantly enhanced the mechanical robustness and water resistance of the composite films. XRD, FT-IR, and XPS analyses revealed intermolecular hydrogen bonding between zein matrix and TNTAs. Moreover, under low-power density (1600 mW/cm²) UV irradiation, Zein/TNTAs films exhibited remarkable antimicrobial efficacy against E.coli. These findings highlight the potential application of Zein/TNTAs composite films in active food packaging.