海冰对北极三角洲演变的影响:阿拉斯加科尔维尔河三角洲模型研究

IF 3.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1029/2024JF007742
Caroline Cooper, Emily Eidam, Harvey Seim, Jaap Nienhuis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

季节性海冰通过限制波浪和河流的影响以及改变河流到海洋的沉积路径,对北极三角洲形态产生影响。然而,人们对海冰对三角洲形态的长期影响仍然知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,我们在 Delft3D 中建立了一维形态学和流体动力学模拟,以研究北极三角洲在北极最活跃季节(春季破裂/复原、夏季开阔水域和秋季冻结)的 1500 年发展情况。该模型侧重于三角洲的剖面(即三角洲的垂直截面图),并使用浮动驳船结构来模拟海冰对近岸水域的影响。通过模拟,我们发现受冰影响的三角洲形成了一种复合的clinoform形态,即由水下平台分隔的水下三角洲和水下三角洲耦合形态,这种形态类似于在北极三角洲近海观测到的浅水平台。近岸海冰会影响河流动力学,并在海冰破裂时促进沉积物绕流,形成近海沉积中心并构建水下平台。在开阔水域季节,第二个沉积中心在离岸较近的亚水层前缘形成,有助于亚水层三角洲的外建,并帮助形成复合地壳形态。在北极气候变暖的情况下,波浪活动增加,海冰减少,模拟结果表明,三角洲可能会因(a)沉积物填充和/或(b)波浪侵蚀而在百年时间尺度上失去其浅水平台。这项研究强调了海冰对北极三角洲形态的重要性,以及随着北极持续变暖,这些高纬度三角洲可能经历的形态转变。
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Effects of Sea Ice on Arctic Delta Evolution: A Modeling Study of the Colville River Delta, Alaska

Seasonal sea ice impacts Arctic delta morphology by limiting wave and river influences and altering river-to-ocean sediment pathways. However, the long-term effects of sea ice on delta morphology remain poorly known. To address this gap, 1D morphologic and hydrodynamic simulations were set up in Delft3D to study the 1500-year development of Arctic deltas during the most energetic Arctic seasons: spring break-up/freshet, summer open-water, and autumn freeze-up. The model focused on the deltaic clinoform (i.e., the vertical cross-sectional view of a delta) and used a floating barge structure to mimic the effects of sea ice on nearshore waters. From the simulations we find that ice-affected deltas form a compound clinoform morphology, that is, a coupled subaerial and subaqueous delta separated by a subaqueous platform that resembles the shallow platform observed offshore of Arctic deltas. Nearshore sea ice affects river dynamics and promotes sediment bypassing during sea ice break-up, forming an offshore depocenter and building a subaqueous platform. A second depocenter forms closer to shore during the open-water season at the subaerial foreset that aids in outbuilding the subaerial delta and assists in developing the compound clinoform morphology. Simulations of increased wave activity and reduced sea-ice, likely futures under a warming Arctic climate, show that deltas may lose their shallow platform on centennial timescales by (a) sediment infill and/or (b) wave erosion. This study highlights the importance of sea ice on Arctic delta morphology and the potential morphologic transitions these high-latitude deltas may experience as the Arctic continues to warm.

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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
10.30%
发文量
162
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