{"title":"单斜 Tm3+:ZnWO4 晶体的生长、光谱学和 2 μm 激光操作","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116039","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on the crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy, and laser operation of monoclinic Tm<sup>3+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>(Li<sup>+</sup>) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO<sub>4</sub>) crystals. The Li<sup>+</sup> codoping with an optimized Tm/Li ratio enables almost complete local charge compensation leading to better crystal quality, higher Tm segregation coefficient, and longer luminescence lifetime and ultimately the demonstration of laser operation. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the Tm<sup>3+</sup> transition probabilities yielding a radiative lifetime of the <sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub> state of 2.59 ms. The corresponding intensity parameters are Ω<sub>2</sub> = 5.194, Ω<sub>4</sub> = 0.658, Ω<sub>6</sub> = 0.471 [10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>] and <em>α</em> = 0.110 [10<sup>−4</sup> cm]. Tm,Li:ZnWO<sub>4</sub> features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm owing to a large total Stark splitting of the ground-state, Δ<em>E</em> (<sup>3</sup>H<sub>6</sub>) = 644 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The stimulated-emission cross-section in this spectral range reaches 0.47 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> at 2015 nm for light polarization <strong><em>E</em></strong> || <em>N</em><sub>p</sub>. The continuous-wave Tm,Li:ZnWO<sub>4</sub> laser generated 282 mW at 1.98 μm with a slope efficiency of 14.7 %, and laser emission at 2.03 μm was also achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346724012229/pdfft?md5=f4059f9bd2e2ce659a853697a70b46d0&pid=1-s2.0-S0925346724012229-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116039\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>We report on the crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy, and laser operation of monoclinic Tm<sup>3+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>(Li<sup>+</sup>) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO<sub>4</sub>) crystals. The Li<sup>+</sup> codoping with an optimized Tm/Li ratio enables almost complete local charge compensation leading to better crystal quality, higher Tm segregation coefficient, and longer luminescence lifetime and ultimately the demonstration of laser operation. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the Tm<sup>3+</sup> transition probabilities yielding a radiative lifetime of the <sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub> state of 2.59 ms. The corresponding intensity parameters are Ω<sub>2</sub> = 5.194, Ω<sub>4</sub> = 0.658, Ω<sub>6</sub> = 0.471 [10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>] and <em>α</em> = 0.110 [10<sup>−4</sup> cm]. Tm,Li:ZnWO<sub>4</sub> features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm owing to a large total Stark splitting of the ground-state, Δ<em>E</em> (<sup>3</sup>H<sub>6</sub>) = 644 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The stimulated-emission cross-section in this spectral range reaches 0.47 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> at 2015 nm for light polarization <strong><em>E</em></strong> || <em>N</em><sub>p</sub>. The continuous-wave Tm,Li:ZnWO<sub>4</sub> laser generated 282 mW at 1.98 μm with a slope efficiency of 14.7 %, and laser emission at 2.03 μm was also achieved.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19564,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Optical Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346724012229/pdfft?md5=f4059f9bd2e2ce659a853697a70b46d0&pid=1-s2.0-S0925346724012229-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Optical Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346724012229\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346724012229","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal
We report on the crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy, and laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+, Na+(Li+) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO4) crystals. The Li+ codoping with an optimized Tm/Li ratio enables almost complete local charge compensation leading to better crystal quality, higher Tm segregation coefficient, and longer luminescence lifetime and ultimately the demonstration of laser operation. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the Tm3+ transition probabilities yielding a radiative lifetime of the 3F4 state of 2.59 ms. The corresponding intensity parameters are Ω2 = 5.194, Ω4 = 0.658, Ω6 = 0.471 [10−20 cm2] and α = 0.110 [10−4 cm]. Tm,Li:ZnWO4 features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm owing to a large total Stark splitting of the ground-state, ΔE (3H6) = 644 cm−1. The stimulated-emission cross-section in this spectral range reaches 0.47 × 10−20 cm2 at 2015 nm for light polarization E || Np. The continuous-wave Tm,Li:ZnWO4 laser generated 282 mW at 1.98 μm with a slope efficiency of 14.7 %, and laser emission at 2.03 μm was also achieved.
期刊介绍:
Optical Materials has an open access mirror journal Optical Materials: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
The purpose of Optical Materials is to provide a means of communication and technology transfer between researchers who are interested in materials for potential device applications. The journal publishes original papers and review articles on the design, synthesis, characterisation and applications of optical materials.
OPTICAL MATERIALS focuses on:
• Optical Properties of Material Systems;
• The Materials Aspects of Optical Phenomena;
• The Materials Aspects of Devices and Applications.
Authors can submit separate research elements describing their data to Data in Brief and methods to Methods X.