反思闪电引发的火灾:空间变异性及其对管理政策的影响

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Forest Ecology and Management Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122262
Mehmet Göktuğ Öztürk , İsmail Bekar , Çağatay Tavşanoğlu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

闪电是野火的主要自然火源。然而,在某些生态系统中,人为火灾占主导地位,并占火灾事故的大多数。在许多国家,人们普遍认为野火绝大多数是人为造成的。虽然将全国各地的数据汇集起来在统计上是准确的,但这种观点导致了一种误解,即野火不是生态系统的自然组成部分。这种概括需要对闪电诱发的野火(LIWs)的区域差异性进行批判性研究。作为一项案例研究,我们利用 2002 年至 2022 年间的全国野火数据,研究了图尔基耶的雷击野火空间分布情况。我们考虑了三种主要的野火起因:人为、雷击和起因不明。我们调查了火灾发生率和烧毁面积的分布情况,以展示图尔基耶地区和地方森林管理单位层面上的低风速火灾和人为火灾(HCFs)的空间变异性。我们发现,图尔基耶各地的小林火灾发生率存在相当大的地区和地方差异。我们还观察到,在雷电密度较高的地区,尤其是在安纳托利亚西部和北部的山区,包括安纳托利亚西南部和西北部,小雷雨的发生率较高。在某些年份,一些地区单位的闪电小火比例超过 45%,许多地方单位超过 75%。然而,小风暴的燃烧面积远远小于高频风暴。人口最稠密的地区主要发生的是高密度森林火灾,而在其他几个地区,包括人口较少或森林资源丰富的地区,雷电是野火的主要来源。季节性趋势也显现出来,显示出雷击造成的野火发生率增加,在火灾季节达到高峰,而在季节转换期间,雷击造成的野火所占比例相对较高。尽管人类活动日益频繁,但在该国的一些地区,低空火源仍然是野火的一个重要原因。我们的研究结果表明,LIWs 在空间上存在显著差异,这对人们认为人类活动是土耳其全国野火的主要点火源这一传统观点提出了挑战,同时也淡化了闪电作为点火源的作用。我们的研究结果表明,对于雷电是野火重要火源的国家来说,过去一个世纪以来一直采用的 "一刀切 "火灾管理策略并不理想。因此,生态上合理、经济上高效的野火管理政策必须考虑到野火成因的地区差异性。因此,我们建议重新评估图尔基耶等几个国家的一揽子灭火战略,主张采取更有选择性的灭火做法,考虑自然发生的野火的作用。
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Rethinking lightning-induced fires: Spatial variability and implications for management policies

Lightning is the primary natural ignition source for wildfires. However, in certain ecosystems, anthropogenic fires predominate and account for the majority of fire incidents. In many countries, the prevailing perception holds that wildfires are overwhelmingly human-caused. While statistically accurate when pooling data from across the country, this perspective leads to a misconception that wildfires are not a natural component of ecosystems. This generalization requires a critical examination of regional variability in lightning-induced wildfires (LIWs). As a case study, we examined the spatial distribution of LIWs in Türkiye using national wildfire data between 2002 and 2022. We considered three main wildfire causes: human-caused, lightning-induced, and unknown-origin. We investigated the distribution of fire occurrences and burned areas to demonstrate the spatial variability of LIWs and human-caused fires (HCFs) across Türkiye at the regional and local forest management unit levels. We found considerable regional and local disparities in the incidence of LIWs across Türkiye. We also observed a higher incidence of LIWs in areas with higher lightning densities, especially in the mountainous regions of western and northern Anatolia, including southwestern and northwestern Anatolia. In certain years, the proportion of LIWs exceeds 45 % in some regional units and 75 % in many local units. However, LIWs burned significantly smaller areas than HCFs. The most populated regions primarily experienced HCFs, while in several other regions, including less-populated or forest-rich ones, lightning was a major source of wildfires. Seasonal trends also emerged, showing an increased prevalence of LIWs, with a peak during the fire season and a relatively higher percentage during seasonal transitions. Despite the increasing human activity, LIWs have remained a significant cause of wildfires in several regions in the country. Our results on the significant spatial variability in LIWs challenge the traditional belief that human activities are the primary ignition sources for wildfires across Türkiye and downplay lightning as an ignition source. Our findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all fire management strategy which has led to wildfire suppression policies for the past century is suboptimal for countries where lightning is a significant source of wildfires. Therefore, an ecologically sound and economically efficient wildfire management policy must account for regional variability in the causes of wildfires. Accordingly, we recommend a reassessment of blanket fire suppression strategy in several countries such as Türkiye, advocating for more selective suppression practices that consider the role of naturally occurring wildfires.

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来源期刊
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.80%
发文量
665
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A peer-review process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers. We encourage submission of papers that will have the strongest interest and value to the Journal''s international readership. Some key features of papers with strong interest include: 1. Clear connections between the ecology and management of forests; 2. Novel ideas or approaches to important challenges in forest ecology and management; 3. Studies that address a population of interest beyond the scale of single research sites, Three key points in the design of forest experiments, Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 2022-2023); 4. Review Articles on timely, important topics. Authors are welcome to contact one of the editors to discuss the suitability of a potential review manuscript. The Journal encourages proposals for special issues examining important areas of forest ecology and management. Potential guest editors should contact any of the Editors to begin discussions about topics, potential papers, and other details.
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