{"title":"理论和地震引起的地下水化学变化:透视","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131917","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To minimize the loss of life caused by earthquakes, it is crucial to have early warning tools that provide sufficient warning time. Although various methods are available, their accuracy is uncertain. This review explores alternative indicators related to hydrogeochemical anomalies that appear before earthquakes, which could potentially offer earlier warnings. It presents a theoretical basis for ionic and molecular changes initiated by the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) in groundwater before an earthquake. The review analyses 32 earthquake events by measuring ionic anomalies through standard reduction potential. The study also identifies significant pre-seismic erosional activity in minerals exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, the oxidation of organic compounds is shown to predict notable geochemical changes. The changes in the groundwater chemistry can also be validated by examining simultaneous microbial/ zooplankton responses. The findings suggest that the ionic, mineral, organic, and microbiological changes triggered by hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide could serve as a multi-parametric earthquake early-warning system. Implementation of such a system could improve the accuracy and timeliness of earthquake warning systems potentially reducing the associated risks and damages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169424013131/pdfft?md5=ccba388cb15f82d95121806a12af288d&pid=1-s2.0-S0022169424013131-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Theoretical and earthquake-induced groundwater chemistry changes: A perspective\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131917\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>To minimize the loss of life caused by earthquakes, it is crucial to have early warning tools that provide sufficient warning time. Although various methods are available, their accuracy is uncertain. This review explores alternative indicators related to hydrogeochemical anomalies that appear before earthquakes, which could potentially offer earlier warnings. It presents a theoretical basis for ionic and molecular changes initiated by the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) in groundwater before an earthquake. The review analyses 32 earthquake events by measuring ionic anomalies through standard reduction potential. The study also identifies significant pre-seismic erosional activity in minerals exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, the oxidation of organic compounds is shown to predict notable geochemical changes. The changes in the groundwater chemistry can also be validated by examining simultaneous microbial/ zooplankton responses. The findings suggest that the ionic, mineral, organic, and microbiological changes triggered by hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide could serve as a multi-parametric earthquake early-warning system. Implementation of such a system could improve the accuracy and timeliness of earthquake warning systems potentially reducing the associated risks and damages.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":362,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Hydrology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169424013131/pdfft?md5=ccba388cb15f82d95121806a12af288d&pid=1-s2.0-S0022169424013131-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Hydrology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169424013131\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CIVIL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Hydrology","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169424013131","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Theoretical and earthquake-induced groundwater chemistry changes: A perspective
To minimize the loss of life caused by earthquakes, it is crucial to have early warning tools that provide sufficient warning time. Although various methods are available, their accuracy is uncertain. This review explores alternative indicators related to hydrogeochemical anomalies that appear before earthquakes, which could potentially offer earlier warnings. It presents a theoretical basis for ionic and molecular changes initiated by the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in groundwater before an earthquake. The review analyses 32 earthquake events by measuring ionic anomalies through standard reduction potential. The study also identifies significant pre-seismic erosional activity in minerals exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, the oxidation of organic compounds is shown to predict notable geochemical changes. The changes in the groundwater chemistry can also be validated by examining simultaneous microbial/ zooplankton responses. The findings suggest that the ionic, mineral, organic, and microbiological changes triggered by hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide could serve as a multi-parametric earthquake early-warning system. Implementation of such a system could improve the accuracy and timeliness of earthquake warning systems potentially reducing the associated risks and damages.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, hydraulics, agrohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, civil and environmental engineering are included. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, environmental sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site.