Combinatorial creativity as blind-variation and selective-retention: A definitional update

Simonton (2010) presented a combinational model of exceptional creativity based on Campbell's (1960) theory of blind-variation and selective-retention (BVSR). The presentation provided an explanatory and predictive basis for comprehending the phenomenon with respect to individual, domain, and field systems. Although the model inspired future research, such as that regarding the “equal-odds baseline,” its formal definition of “blindness” was inadequate. Recently, a new definition has been advanced that puts this essential concept on a stronger basis. Rather than relying on ideas drawn from evolutionary theory, the new definition depends on epistemology, which is more consistent with Campbell's original intentions. The result is a typology of rational, irrational, and blind variations, where only the blind are logically associated with creativity and knowledge production.