Xiuqun Liu , Xiaomei Huang , Han Song , Jingzhi Wang , Jiayu Li , Xi Li , Zhibao Dong , Li Xing , Junji Cao
{"title":"COVID-19疫情和沙尘暴对西北地区西安室外大气中短链、中链和长链氯化石蜡分布的影响","authors":"Xiuqun Liu , Xiaomei Huang , Han Song , Jingzhi Wang , Jiayu Li , Xi Li , Zhibao Dong , Li Xing , Junji Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120810","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The short-, medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were measured in outdoor fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and gas-phases in Xi'an in spring, autumn and winter of 2021, which containing two special events during this time, the sandstorms happened in spring and the COVID-19 epidemic in winter. The CPs concentrations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> were seasonal variated, with spring (mean: 17.5 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) > autumn (mean: 8.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) > winter (mean: 5.8 ng/m<sup>3</sup>). The CPs concentrations in gas phases (mean:12.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) were lower than in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in spring, and it showed shorter carbon chain and lower chlorinated CPs dominated in SCCPs in gas phase (C<sub>10</sub>, Cl<sub>5,6</sub>) compared with in PM<sub>2.5</sub> (C<sub>11</sub>, Cl<sub>6,7</sub>). The absorption was the main mechanism for the partitioning of CP in particle and gaseous phase. The shorter carbon chain CPs (C<sub>10,11</sub>, C<sub>14</sub>) with lower chlorinated (Cl<sub>6,7</sub>) CPs dominated in SCCPs and MCCPs, while the longer carbon chain (C<sub>25</sub> or C<sub>29</sub>) with Cl<sub>6,12</sub> dominated in the LCCPs. So, more researches about the LCCPs should be concerned. Additionally, the CPs concentrations of all samples during the sandstorms in spring were increased 30.4%–136.5% and the proportion of SCCPs was obviously elevated. CPs concentrations obviously decreased during the COVID-19 epidemic in winter, while SCCPs, MCCPs attributed comparable in autumn and winter. Potential source analysis showed that during the sandstorms in spring, atmospheric pollutants were mainly transported over a long distance from northern and northeast of Shaanxi Province, while it was mainly from local emission during the COVID-19 epidemic in winter. The health risk assessment of CPs displayed that there had no or very low inhalation exposure risks of CPs for all age groups, but the younger age groups (younger than 6 years old) should be played more attention for their not fully development of their immune and respiratory systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The effect of COVID-19 epidemic and sandstorm on distribution of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in outdoor atmosphere of Xi'an, Northwest China\",\"authors\":\"Xiuqun Liu , Xiaomei Huang , Han Song , Jingzhi Wang , Jiayu Li , Xi Li , Zhibao Dong , Li Xing , Junji Cao\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120810\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The short-, medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were measured in outdoor fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and gas-phases in Xi'an in spring, autumn and winter of 2021, which containing two special events during this time, the sandstorms happened in spring and the COVID-19 epidemic in winter. The CPs concentrations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> were seasonal variated, with spring (mean: 17.5 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) > autumn (mean: 8.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) > winter (mean: 5.8 ng/m<sup>3</sup>). The CPs concentrations in gas phases (mean:12.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) were lower than in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in spring, and it showed shorter carbon chain and lower chlorinated CPs dominated in SCCPs in gas phase (C<sub>10</sub>, Cl<sub>5,6</sub>) compared with in PM<sub>2.5</sub> (C<sub>11</sub>, Cl<sub>6,7</sub>). The absorption was the main mechanism for the partitioning of CP in particle and gaseous phase. The shorter carbon chain CPs (C<sub>10,11</sub>, C<sub>14</sub>) with lower chlorinated (Cl<sub>6,7</sub>) CPs dominated in SCCPs and MCCPs, while the longer carbon chain (C<sub>25</sub> or C<sub>29</sub>) with Cl<sub>6,12</sub> dominated in the LCCPs. So, more researches about the LCCPs should be concerned. Additionally, the CPs concentrations of all samples during the sandstorms in spring were increased 30.4%–136.5% and the proportion of SCCPs was obviously elevated. CPs concentrations obviously decreased during the COVID-19 epidemic in winter, while SCCPs, MCCPs attributed comparable in autumn and winter. Potential source analysis showed that during the sandstorms in spring, atmospheric pollutants were mainly transported over a long distance from northern and northeast of Shaanxi Province, while it was mainly from local emission during the COVID-19 epidemic in winter. The health risk assessment of CPs displayed that there had no or very low inhalation exposure risks of CPs for all age groups, but the younger age groups (younger than 6 years old) should be played more attention for their not fully development of their immune and respiratory systems.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":250,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Atmospheric Environment\",\"volume\":\"338 \",\"pages\":\"Article 120810\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Atmospheric Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231024004850\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Atmospheric Environment","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231024004850","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of COVID-19 epidemic and sandstorm on distribution of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in outdoor atmosphere of Xi'an, Northwest China
The short-, medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were measured in outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and gas-phases in Xi'an in spring, autumn and winter of 2021, which containing two special events during this time, the sandstorms happened in spring and the COVID-19 epidemic in winter. The CPs concentrations in PM2.5 were seasonal variated, with spring (mean: 17.5 ng/m3) > autumn (mean: 8.6 ng/m3) > winter (mean: 5.8 ng/m3). The CPs concentrations in gas phases (mean:12.6 ng/m3) were lower than in PM2.5 in spring, and it showed shorter carbon chain and lower chlorinated CPs dominated in SCCPs in gas phase (C10, Cl5,6) compared with in PM2.5 (C11, Cl6,7). The absorption was the main mechanism for the partitioning of CP in particle and gaseous phase. The shorter carbon chain CPs (C10,11, C14) with lower chlorinated (Cl6,7) CPs dominated in SCCPs and MCCPs, while the longer carbon chain (C25 or C29) with Cl6,12 dominated in the LCCPs. So, more researches about the LCCPs should be concerned. Additionally, the CPs concentrations of all samples during the sandstorms in spring were increased 30.4%–136.5% and the proportion of SCCPs was obviously elevated. CPs concentrations obviously decreased during the COVID-19 epidemic in winter, while SCCPs, MCCPs attributed comparable in autumn and winter. Potential source analysis showed that during the sandstorms in spring, atmospheric pollutants were mainly transported over a long distance from northern and northeast of Shaanxi Province, while it was mainly from local emission during the COVID-19 epidemic in winter. The health risk assessment of CPs displayed that there had no or very low inhalation exposure risks of CPs for all age groups, but the younger age groups (younger than 6 years old) should be played more attention for their not fully development of their immune and respiratory systems.
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Atmospheric Environment has an open access mirror journal Atmospheric Environment: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
Atmospheric Environment is the international journal for scientists in different disciplines related to atmospheric composition and its impacts. The journal publishes scientific articles with atmospheric relevance of emissions and depositions of gaseous and particulate compounds, chemical processes and physical effects in the atmosphere, as well as impacts of the changing atmospheric composition on human health, air quality, climate change, and ecosystems.
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