Atmospheric Environment最新文献

Global evaluation of NOAA-20 VIIRS dark target aerosol products over land and ocean 陆地和海洋上NOAA-20 VIIRS暗目标气溶胶产品的全球评价

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120949

Xin Pei, Leiku Yang, Weiqian Ji, Mengnan Li, Zhe Peng, Xiaoqian Cheng, Xiaofeng Lu

The Dark Target (DT) algorithm has been applied to the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi-NPP (SNPP) and NOAA-20 satellites to extend the aerosol data record from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). The newly released VIIRS DT Version 2.0 (V2.0) dataset includes NOAA-20 aerosol products for the first time. This study provides the first evaluation of NOAA-20 VIIRS DT aerosol products, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångstrom exponent (AE), for the period 2018–2022 using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) measurements. In addition, the operational DT aerosol products from SNPP VIIRS (V2.0) and MODIS (Collection 6.1) are also used for comparison purposes. Overall, NOAA-20 AODs over land and ocean exhibit good validation metrics globally, showing comparability to MODIS products and superiority over overestimated SNPP products. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that in South Africa specifically, NOAA-20 land AODs tends to display more pronounced negative biases, despite all products being underestimated. Furthermore, all ocean AE products demonstrate high correlation coefficients (>0.83) with the ground-based data, meeting the fraction of expected accuracy (>80%). Encouragingly, NOAA-20 AE product has significantly improved the persistent issue of overestimation at low-value in MODIS product, making it a more preferable choice for usage. Error analysis reveals that the performance of all three land products decreases in sparsely vegetated areas and when the solar zenith angle is small. However, NOAA-20 AOD exhibits relatively stable performance and is less affected by variations in aerosol loading, observation geometry, and surface vegetation cover. In addition, the performance of AOD and AE over ocean is significantly influenced by scattering angle and wind speed. This research is anticipated to serve as a reference for the utilization of operational VIIRS DT aerosol products and possible algorithm optimization.

暗目标（DT）算法已应用于Suomi-NPP （SNPP）和NOAA-20卫星上的可见光红外成像辐射计套件（VIIRS），以扩展中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）的气溶胶数据记录。新发布的VIIRS DT 2.0 （V2.0）数据集首次纳入了NOAA-20气溶胶产品。本研究利用气溶胶机器人网络（AERONET）和海洋气溶胶网络（MAN）测量，首次评估了2018-2022年期间NOAA-20 VIIRS DT气溶胶产品，包括气溶胶光学深度（AOD）和Ångstrom指数（AE）。此外，还使用了SNPP VIIRS （V2.0）和MODIS （Collection 6.1）的操作DT气溶胶产品进行比较。总体而言，陆地和海洋上的NOAA-20 aod在全球范围内表现出良好的验证指标，与MODIS产品具有可比性，优于高估的SNPP产品。然而，值得注意的是，特别是在南非，尽管所有产品都被低估，但NOAA-20陆地aod往往表现出更明显的负面偏见。此外，所有海洋声发射产品均与地面数据具有较高的相关系数（>0.83），满足预期精度的分数（>80%）。令人鼓舞的是，NOAA-20 AE产品显著改善了MODIS产品中存在的低值高估问题，使其成为更理想的使用选择。误差分析表明，在植被稀疏地区和太阳天顶角较小时，三种土地产品的性能都有所下降。然而，NOAA-20 AOD表现出相对稳定的性能，受气溶胶载荷、观测几何形状和地表植被覆盖变化的影响较小。此外，海洋上空AOD和AE的性能受散射角和风速的显著影响。本研究可望为实际使用的VIIRS DT气溶胶产品的利用和可能的算法优化提供参考。

{"title":"Global evaluation of NOAA-20 VIIRS dark target aerosol products over land and ocean","authors":"Xin Pei, Leiku Yang, Weiqian Ji, Mengnan Li, Zhe Peng, Xiaoqian Cheng, Xiaofeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dark Target (DT) algorithm has been applied to the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi-NPP (SNPP) and NOAA-20 satellites to extend the aerosol data record from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). The newly released VIIRS DT Version 2.0 (V2.0) dataset includes NOAA-20 aerosol products for the first time. This study provides the first evaluation of NOAA-20 VIIRS DT aerosol products, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångstrom exponent (AE), for the period 2018–2022 using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) measurements. In addition, the operational DT aerosol products from SNPP VIIRS (V2.0) and MODIS (Collection 6.1) are also used for comparison purposes. Overall, NOAA-20 AODs over land and ocean exhibit good validation metrics globally, showing comparability to MODIS products and superiority over overestimated SNPP products. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that in South Africa specifically, NOAA-20 land AODs tends to display more pronounced negative biases, despite all products being underestimated. Furthermore, all ocean AE products demonstrate high correlation coefficients (>0.83) with the ground-based data, meeting the fraction of expected accuracy (>80%). Encouragingly, NOAA-20 AE product has significantly improved the persistent issue of overestimation at low-value in MODIS product, making it a more preferable choice for usage. Error analysis reveals that the performance of all three land products decreases in sparsely vegetated areas and when the solar zenith angle is small. However, NOAA-20 AOD exhibits relatively stable performance and is less affected by variations in aerosol loading, observation geometry, and surface vegetation cover. In addition, the performance of AOD and AE over ocean is significantly influenced by scattering angle and wind speed. This research is anticipated to serve as a reference for the utilization of operational VIIRS DT aerosol products and possible algorithm optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal variation and inhalation health risk of atmospheric polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances in a metropolitan city centre of southwest China 西南某大都市中心大气多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质的季节变化及吸入健康风险

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120950

Hongtao Si , Donghang Xie , Fengwen Wang , Mengbing Hao , Jiaxin Liu , Hai Guo , Neil L. Rose

Fifty-six total suspended particle (TSP) samples, covering four seasons from April 2022 to January 2023, were collected from the centre of Chongqing, a metropolitan city of southwest China, using an aerosol sampler. The samples were analyzed for 20 targeted poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by HPLC-MS/MS. The concentrations of PFAS ranged from 125 pg/m³ to 200 pg/m³ and were dominated by perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 2-perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid (6:2 FTCA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Seasonal variations of PFAS were distinct, with the highest concentrations in winter, followed by autumn, and with lowest levels in summer. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a dry deposition model were used to apportion sources and to estimate the dry deposition fluxes of the 20 PFAS, respectively. PMF analysis indicated that, based on the annual average, paper packaging production (28.1%) and the degradation of precursor compounds and emissions from PFCA production (27.8%) were the two major sources, followed by electronic product manufacturing (24.0%) and textile production (20.1%), although there were significant differences in sources between seasons. The average annual dry deposition flux of PFAS was estimated to be 18.0 ng/m²/day. However, the wet deposition of PFAS was estimated to account for 82.2% of the total atmospheric deposition flux, suggesting it plays a more important role. Estimated daily intakes (EDI) and hazard quotients (HQ) were utilized to evaluate the risks to humans via exposure to PFAS through inhalation and were found to be insignificant (HQ ≪1). This study provides important information on the contamination status and exposure risk for atmospheric PFAS in a mountainous megacity, and for similar urban centers across China.

使用气溶胶采样器在中国西南大都市重庆市中心采集了56份总悬浮粒子（TSP）样本，覆盖了2022年4月至2023年1月的四个季节。采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用（HPLC-MS/MS）对样品中20种靶向多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）进行分析。PFAS的浓度范围为125 pg/m3至200 pg/m3，主要为全氟丁酸（PFBA）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、2-全氟己基乙酸（6:2 FTCA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）。PFAS的季节变化明显，冬季浓度最高，秋季次之，夏季最低。采用正矩阵分解法（PMF）和干沉降模型分别对20个PFAS的源进行了分配，并对其干沉降通量进行了估算。PMF分析表明，从年平均值来看，纸包装生产（28.1%）和PFCA生产的前体化合物降解和排放（27.8%）是两大主要污染源，其次是电子产品制造（24.0%）和纺织生产（20.1%），但不同季节的污染源差异显著。PFAS的年平均干沉降通量估计为18.0 ng/m2/d。而PFAS的湿沉降占大气总沉降通量的82.2%，表明其作用更为重要。利用估计日摄入量（EDI）和危害商数（HQ）来评估吸入PFAS对人类造成的风险，结果发现它们不显著（HQ≪1）。本研究为中国大型山区城市大气PFAS的污染状况和暴露风险提供了重要信息。

{"title":"Seasonal variation and inhalation health risk of atmospheric polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances in a metropolitan city centre of southwest China","authors":"Hongtao Si , Donghang Xie , Fengwen Wang , Mengbing Hao , Jiaxin Liu , Hai Guo , Neil L. Rose","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fifty-six total suspended particle (TSP) samples, covering four seasons from April 2022 to January 2023, were collected from the centre of Chongqing, a metropolitan city of southwest China, using an aerosol sampler. The samples were analyzed for 20 targeted poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by HPLC-MS/MS. The concentrations of PFAS ranged from 125 pg/m<sup>3</sup> to 200 pg/m<sup>3</sup> and were dominated by perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 2-perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid (6:2 FTCA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Seasonal variations of PFAS were distinct, with the highest concentrations in winter, followed by autumn, and with lowest levels in summer. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a dry deposition model were used to apportion sources and to estimate the dry deposition fluxes of the 20 PFAS, respectively. PMF analysis indicated that, based on the annual average, paper packaging production (28.1%) and the degradation of precursor compounds and emissions from PFCA production (27.8%) were the two major sources, followed by electronic product manufacturing (24.0%) and textile production (20.1%), although there were significant differences in sources between seasons. The average annual dry deposition flux of PFAS was estimated to be 18.0 ng/m<sup>2</sup>/day. However, the wet deposition of PFAS was estimated to account for 82.2% of the total atmospheric deposition flux, suggesting it plays a more important role. Estimated daily intakes (EDI) and hazard quotients (HQ) were utilized to evaluate the risks to humans via exposure to PFAS through inhalation and were found to be insignificant (HQ ≪1). This study provides important information on the contamination status and exposure risk for atmospheric PFAS in a mountainous megacity, and for similar urban centers across China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling the impacts of open biomass burning on regional O3 and PM2.5 in Southeast Asia considering light absorption and photochemical bleaching of Brown carbon 考虑光吸收和棕色碳的光化学漂白，模拟露天生物质燃烧对东南亚地区 O3 和 PM2.5 的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120942

Minsu Choi, Qi Ying

Open biomass burning in Southeast Asia has significant adverse impacts on air quality in the region and in downwind areas. These biomass burning events emit large amounts of light absorbing brown carbon (BrC). Once in the atmosphere, the light absorbing capacity of BrC is reduced by various oxidation processes. However, few modeling studies have been conducted to explicitly examine light absorption and bleaching on the prediction of ozone (O₃) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). In this study, a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model that explicitly tracks the concentrations of light absorbing and non-light absorbing organic aerosol components from different emission sources and the bleaching of BrC due to photooxidation and OH oxidation is applied to widespread open biomass burning events in March 2018 in Southeast Asia. Open biomass burning accounts for as much as 20–40 ppb (30–50%) of the maximum daily average 8-h ozone (MDA8 O₃) and 40–120 μg m⁻³ (60–90%) of the daily average PM_2.5 in the emission source regions. Compared to a simulation without BrC light absorption, the predicted MDA8 O₃ and PM_2.5 are as much as 16 ppb and 16 μg m⁻³ lower, respectively, than a simulation with light absorption. This confirms that neglecting the UV light absorption of BrC can lead to significant overpredictions of O₃ and PM_2.5 during the open biomass burning periods, which may lead to an overestimation of the adverse impacts of biomass burning on public health in Southeast Asia. The addition of BrC bleaching results in a 0.5–1% increase in MDA8 O₃ and 1–5% increase in PM_2.5 compared to the case without BrC bleaching. The results of this study indicate that light absorption by BrC needs to be considered in chemical transport modeling of large open biomass burning events. The BrC bleaching process is relatively slow and neglecting this process does not significantly change the predictions of MDA8 O₃ and PM_2.5 during open biomass burning.

东南亚地区的露天生物质燃烧对该地区和下风向地区的空气质量产生了严重的不利影响。这些生物质燃烧活动排放出大量吸收光的棕碳（BrC）。一旦进入大气，BrC 的光吸收能力就会因各种氧化过程而降低。然而，很少有建模研究明确考察光吸收和漂白对臭氧（O3）和细颗粒物（PM2.5）预测的影响。在本研究中，改进的社区多尺度空气质量（CMAQ）模型明确跟踪了来自不同排放源的光吸收和非光吸收有机气溶胶成分的浓度，以及光氧化和OH氧化导致的BrC漂白，并将其应用于2018年3月东南亚大范围的露天生物质燃烧事件。在排放源区域，露天生物质燃烧造成的最大日均 8 小时臭氧（MDA8 O3）和日均 PM2.5 分别高达 20-40 ppb（30%-50%）和 40-120 μg m-3（60%-90%）。与没有吸收 BrC 光的模拟相比，预测的 MDA8 O3 和 PM2.5 分别比有吸收光的模拟低 16 ppb 和 16 μg m-3 之多。这证实，忽略 BrC 的紫外光吸收会导致对露天生物质燃烧期间的 O3 和 PM2.5 的预测严重偏高，从而可能导致高估生物质燃烧对东南亚公众健康的不利影响。与不添加漂白剂的情况相比，添加漂白剂会导致 MDA8 O3 增加 0.5-1%，PM2.5 增加 1-5%。这项研究的结果表明，在大型露天生物质燃烧事件的化学传输模型中需要考虑 BrC 的光吸收。BrC 漂白过程相对较慢，忽略这一过程不会显著改变露天生物质燃烧过程中 MDA8 O3 和 PM2.5 的预测值。

{"title":"Modeling the impacts of open biomass burning on regional O3 and PM2.5 in Southeast Asia considering light absorption and photochemical bleaching of Brown carbon","authors":"Minsu Choi, Qi Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Open biomass burning in Southeast Asia has significant adverse impacts on air quality in the region and in downwind areas. These biomass burning events emit large amounts of light absorbing brown carbon (BrC). Once in the atmosphere, the light absorbing capacity of BrC is reduced by various oxidation processes. However, few modeling studies have been conducted to explicitly examine light absorption and bleaching on the prediction of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>). In this study, a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model that explicitly tracks the concentrations of light absorbing and non-light absorbing organic aerosol components from different emission sources and the bleaching of BrC due to photooxidation and OH oxidation is applied to widespread open biomass burning events in March 2018 in Southeast Asia. Open biomass burning accounts for as much as 20–40 ppb (30–50%) of the maximum daily average 8-h ozone (MDA8 O<sub>3</sub>) and 40–120 μg m<sup>−3</sup> (60–90%) of the daily average PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the emission source regions. Compared to a simulation without BrC light absorption, the predicted MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> are as much as 16 ppb and 16 μg m<sup>−3</sup> lower, respectively, than a simulation with light absorption. This confirms that neglecting the UV light absorption of BrC can lead to significant overpredictions of O<sub>3</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> during the open biomass burning periods, which may lead to an overestimation of the adverse impacts of biomass burning on public health in Southeast Asia. The addition of BrC bleaching results in a 0.5–1% increase in MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> and 1–5% increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub> compared to the case without BrC bleaching. The results of this study indicate that light absorption by BrC needs to be considered in chemical transport modeling of large open biomass burning events. The BrC bleaching process is relatively slow and neglecting this process does not significantly change the predictions of MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> during open biomass burning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multicity accountability and uncertainty assessment of the impacts of regulations on air quality in Atlanta, New York City, and Southern California 对亚特兰大、纽约市和南加州空气质量法规影响的多重问责和不确定性评估

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120947

Ziqi Gao , Eric J. Mei , Xin He , Philip K. Hopke , Stefanie Ebelt , David Q. Rich , Armistead G. Russell

Multiple regulations have been promulgated to improve air quality, and previous studies have used an accountability chain to evaluate the effects of these regulations on emission levels, air quality, and human health. However, quantifying these impacts through the accountability chain is complex due to interactions between multiple factors that can influence the efficacy of control policies and introduce uncertainties at each step. We evaluated and quantified the impact of emission controls on electricity generating units (EGU) and motor vehicle sources on emissions and air quality via Generalized Additive Models. These GAMs have minimal bias (around 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻² μg/m³ or ppbV) and r² values for daily concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 Counterfactual air pollutant concentrations, in the absence of EGU and mobile source regulations, were calculated using estimated counterfactual emissions for the period 2005 to 2019 in Atlanta, New York City, and California's South Coast Air Basin. Counterfactual air pollutant concentrations indicated that the effects of regulations on air pollutants varied depending on the season and location. Predicted counterfactual air pollutant concentrations were generally 2–12 times higher than the measured concentrations at these sites, except for ozone. The impact of regulations on ozone concentrations typically resulted in reduced peak ozone values in the summer, but increased concentrations in the winter. Monte Carlo modeling found small to modest uncertainties, depending on the pollutant, location and regulations assessed. Counterfactual concentrations predicted in this project will be used in the assessment of the trends of toxicity in PM_2.5.

为了改善空气质量，已经颁布了多项法规，以往的研究使用责任链来评估这些法规对排放水平、空气质量和人类健康的影响。然而，通过责任链量化这些影响非常复杂，因为多种因素之间的相互作用会影响控制政策的效果，并在每个步骤中引入不确定性。我们通过广义相加模型评估和量化了发电装置（EGU）和机动车排放源的排放控制对排放和空气质量的影响。这些通用加成模型的偏差极小（约为 10-5 至 10-2 μg/m3 或 ppbV），日浓度的 r2 值在 0.4 至 0.7 之间。在没有 EGU 和移动源法规的情况下，我们使用 2005 年至 2019 年期间亚特兰大、纽约市和加利福尼亚南海岸空气盆地的估计反事实排放量计算了反事实空气污染物浓度。反事实空气污染物浓度表明，法规对空气污染物的影响因季节和地点而异。预测的反事实空气污染物浓度一般比这些地点的测量浓度高 2-12 倍，但臭氧除外。法规对臭氧浓度的影响通常导致夏季臭氧峰值降低，而冬季浓度升高。蒙特卡洛模型发现，根据污染物、地点和评估的法规，不确定性很小。本项目预测的反事实浓度将用于评估 PM2.5 的毒性趋势。

{"title":"Multicity accountability and uncertainty assessment of the impacts of regulations on air quality in Atlanta, New York City, and Southern California","authors":"Ziqi Gao , Eric J. Mei , Xin He , Philip K. Hopke , Stefanie Ebelt , David Q. Rich , Armistead G. Russell","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple regulations have been promulgated to improve air quality, and previous studies have used an accountability chain to evaluate the effects of these regulations on emission levels, air quality, and human health. However, quantifying these impacts through the accountability chain is complex due to interactions between multiple factors that can influence the efficacy of control policies and introduce uncertainties at each step. We evaluated and quantified the impact of emission controls on electricity generating units (EGU) and motor vehicle sources on emissions and air quality via Generalized Additive Models. These GAMs have minimal bias (around 10<sup>−5</sup> to 10<sup>−2</sup> μg/m<sup>3</sup> or ppbV) and r<sup>2</sup> values for daily concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 Counterfactual air pollutant concentrations, in the absence of EGU and mobile source regulations, were calculated using estimated counterfactual emissions for the period 2005 to 2019 in Atlanta, New York City, and California's South Coast Air Basin. Counterfactual air pollutant concentrations indicated that the effects of regulations on air pollutants varied depending on the season and location. Predicted counterfactual air pollutant concentrations were generally 2–12 times higher than the measured concentrations at these sites, except for ozone. The impact of regulations on ozone concentrations typically resulted in reduced peak ozone values in the summer, but increased concentrations in the winter. Monte Carlo modeling found small to modest uncertainties, depending on the pollutant, location and regulations assessed. Counterfactual concentrations predicted in this project will be used in the assessment of the trends of toxicity in PM<sub>2.5</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120947"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing indoor-outdoor PM2.5 concentrations using low-cost sensor measurements in residential homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh 利用低成本传感器测量孟加拉国达卡住宅的室内外 PM2.5 浓度特征

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120945

Provat K. Saha , Ahsan Habib , Dipika R. Prapti , Talha Jubair , Abu U. Zarrah , Chowdhury A. Hossain , Sheikh M. Rahman , Abdus Salam , Md Aynul Bari , Julian D. Marshall

We collected simultaneous indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 measurements from 17 homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to characterize spatio-temporal variations and identify factors influencing indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 levels. A pair of PurpleAir PM_2.5 sensors were deployed at each home, one indoors and the other outdoors, during the wet and dry seasons, and the locally calibrated data were used for analysis. Indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 levels were three times higher during the dry season (indoor 146 ± 22 μg/m³, outdoor 153 ± 23 μg/m³) than during the wet season (indoor 52 ± 12 μg/m³, outdoor 50 ± 11 μg/m³). Indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratios were close to 1 in both seasons (dry: 0.97 ± 0.14, wet: 1.05 ± 0.19). This suggests that regional background pollution levels significantly influence indoor levels observed in different households. Infiltration factors closer to 1 (dry: 0.83 ± 0.12; wet: 0.87 ± 0.14), determined through mixed-effects regression of indoor and outdoor time series data, further highlight the substantial impact of outdoor pollution on indoor levels. Data from individual households exhibited strong temporal correlation between indoor and outdoor levels in both seasons (Pearson R: 0.82 ± 0.12 during the dry season and 0.83 ± 0.14 during the wet season), whereas indoor-outdoor spatial correlations across measured households were moderate (R: 0.49 and 0.62 during dry and wet seasons, respectively). These spatial correlations and empirical regression modeling suggest that while the spatial variation of outdoor PM_2.5 levels significantly influences indoor levels' spatial variation, other factors such as indoor source activities and ventilation-related features play crucial roles in explaining variabilities in indoor PM_2.5 across homes. Overall, our study suggests that indoor environments in Dhaka city are nearly as polluted as outdoor settings, and this locally derived scientific evidence can be valuable for enhancing public awareness and developing mitigation measures to reduce PM_2.5 exposures in Bangladesh.

我们在孟加拉国达卡的 17 个家庭中同时采集了室内和室外 PM2.5 测量数据，以描述时空变化特征并确定影响室内和室外 PM2.5 水平的因素。在雨季和旱季期间，每户家庭都安装了一对 PurpleAir PM2.5 传感器，一个安装在室内，另一个安装在室外，并使用当地校准的数据进行分析。旱季的室内外 PM2.5 水平（室内 146 ± 22 μg/m³，室外 153 ± 23 μg/m³）是雨季（室内 52 ± 12 μg/m³，室外 50 ± 11 μg/m³）的三倍。两个季节的室内外（I/O）比值都接近 1（旱季：0.97 ± 0.14，雨季：1.05 ± 0.19）。这表明，地区背景污染水平对不同家庭的室内污染水平有很大影响。通过对室内和室外时间序列数据进行混合效应回归确定的渗透系数接近于 1（旱季：0.83 ± 0.12；雨季：0.87 ± 0.14），进一步凸显了室外污染对室内水平的重大影响。来自单个家庭的数据显示，两个季节的室内和室外污染水平之间存在很强的时间相关性（Pearson R：旱季为 0.82 ± 0.12，雨季为 0.83 ± 0.14），而各测量家庭的室内外空间相关性适中（旱季和雨季的 R 值分别为 0.49 和 0.62）。这些空间相关性和经验回归模型表明，虽然室外PM2.5水平的空间变化对室内PM2.5水平的空间变化有显著影响，但其他因素，如室内污染源活动和通风相关特征，在解释不同家庭室内PM2.5的变化方面起着至关重要的作用。总之，我们的研究表明，达卡市的室内环境几乎与室外环境污染一样严重，这一从当地得出的科学证据对于提高公众意识和制定缓解措施以减少孟加拉国的 PM2.5 暴露非常有价值。

{"title":"Characterizing indoor-outdoor PM2.5 concentrations using low-cost sensor measurements in residential homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Provat K. Saha , Ahsan Habib , Dipika R. Prapti , Talha Jubair , Abu U. Zarrah , Chowdhury A. Hossain , Sheikh M. Rahman , Abdus Salam , Md Aynul Bari , Julian D. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We collected simultaneous indoor and outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> measurements from 17 homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to characterize spatio-temporal variations and identify factors influencing indoor and outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels. A pair of PurpleAir PM<sub>2.5</sub> sensors were deployed at each home, one indoors and the other outdoors, during the wet and dry seasons, and the locally calibrated data were used for analysis. Indoor and outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels were three times higher during the dry season (indoor 146 ± 22 μg/m³, outdoor 153 ± 23 μg/m³) than during the wet season (indoor 52 ± 12 μg/m³, outdoor 50 ± 11 μg/m³). Indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratios were close to 1 in both seasons (dry: 0.97 ± 0.14, wet: 1.05 ± 0.19). This suggests that regional background pollution levels significantly influence indoor levels observed in different households. Infiltration factors closer to 1 (dry: 0.83 ± 0.12; wet: 0.87 ± 0.14), determined through mixed-effects regression of indoor and outdoor time series data, further highlight the substantial impact of outdoor pollution on indoor levels. Data from individual households exhibited strong temporal correlation between indoor and outdoor levels in both seasons (Pearson R: 0.82 ± 0.12 during the dry season and 0.83 ± 0.14 during the wet season), whereas indoor-outdoor spatial correlations across measured households were moderate (R: 0.49 and 0.62 during dry and wet seasons, respectively). These spatial correlations and empirical regression modeling suggest that while the spatial variation of outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels significantly influences indoor levels' spatial variation, other factors such as indoor source activities and ventilation-related features play crucial roles in explaining variabilities in indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> across homes. Overall, our study suggests that indoor environments in Dhaka city are nearly as polluted as outdoor settings, and this locally derived scientific evidence can be valuable for enhancing public awareness and developing mitigation measures to reduce PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposures in Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dust- versus cloud-radiation impacts on the diurnal temperature range for long-lasting dust weather over the Taklimakan Desert 沙尘与云辐射对塔克拉玛干沙漠长期沙尘天气日温差的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120946

Yong Chen , Junling An , Yu Qu , Hong Wang

The diurnal temperature range (DTR), determined by the difference between daily maximum and minimum air temperature, is an important index of global climate change. The dust direct radiative effect on DTR in cloudy conditions in the Taklimakan Desert (TD) area is still unclear. Based on springtime ground observation data from 2002 to 2013, the DTR variation in dust/cloudy days and the DTR-visibility relationship in dust days in TD were analyzed and summarized. The mean DTR was proportional to the mean visibility, with a slow DTR increase in the southwestern TD caused by cloud-induced radiation when visibility was 4–10 km; the DTR difference between cloudy and cloudless dust days was more significant (1.8–4.2 °C) when visibility was >6 km. The simulation of a long-lasting dust-cloud coexisting event (4 days) with the factor separation technique showed that both pure dust- and cloud-radiation impacts reduced DTR but their synergistic radiation impact mostly increased DTR in TD. Both simulated and observed results indicated that when the daily visibility of dust weather increased from 4-6 km to 6–10 km, the important pure dust impact on DTR weakened whereas the cloud impact became significant.

由日最高气温与日最低气温之差决定的日温度差是反映全球气候变化的重要指标。塔克拉玛干沙漠（TD）地区多云条件下粉尘对DTR的直接辐射效应尚不清楚。利用2002 ~ 2013年春季地面观测资料，分析和总结了山东省沙尘/阴天DTR的变化特征以及沙尘日DTR与能见度的关系。平均DTR与平均能见度成正比，当能见度为4 ~ 10 km时，云致辐射导致西南TD的DTR缓慢增加；当能见度为6 km时，云天与无云沙尘日的DTR差异更显著（1.8 ~ 4.2℃）。利用因子分离技术模拟了一个持续时间较长的尘云共存事件（4 d），结果表明，纯尘和云辐射影响均降低了DTR，而它们的协同辐射影响主要增加了TD中的DTR。模拟和观测结果均表明，当沙尘天气的日能见度从4 ~ 6 km增加到6 ~ 10 km时，重要的纯尘对DTR的影响减弱，云对DTR的影响显著。

{"title":"Dust- versus cloud-radiation impacts on the diurnal temperature range for long-lasting dust weather over the Taklimakan Desert","authors":"Yong Chen , Junling An , Yu Qu , Hong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diurnal temperature range (DTR), determined by the difference between daily maximum and minimum air temperature, is an important index of global climate change. The dust direct radiative effect on DTR in cloudy conditions in the Taklimakan Desert (TD) area is still unclear. Based on springtime ground observation data from 2002 to 2013, the DTR variation in dust/cloudy days and the DTR-visibility relationship in dust days in TD were analyzed and summarized. The mean DTR was proportional to the mean visibility, with a slow DTR increase in the southwestern TD caused by cloud-induced radiation when visibility was 4–10 km; the DTR difference between cloudy and cloudless dust days was more significant (1.8–4.2 °C) when visibility was >6 km. The simulation of a long-lasting dust-cloud coexisting event (4 days) with the factor separation technique showed that both pure dust- and cloud-radiation impacts reduced DTR but their synergistic radiation impact mostly increased DTR in TD. Both simulated and observed results indicated that when the daily visibility of dust weather increased from 4-6 km to 6–10 km, the important pure dust impact on DTR weakened whereas the cloud impact became significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of major sources of PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants contributing to oxidative potential in the Yeosu national petrochemical industrial complex: Insights from the PMF model 丽水国家石化工业综合体中导致氧化潜能的 PM2.5 和气态污染物主要来源的识别：PMF 模型的启示

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120943

Seoyeong Choe, Geun-Hye Yu, Myoungki Song, Sea-Ho Oh, Hajeong Jeon, Dong-Hoon Ko, Chaehyeong Park, Min-Suk Bae

This investigation seeks to characterize and pinpoint the sources of PM_2.5 and various gaseous pollutants within the Yeosu National Industrial Complex by employing the source apportionment model. PM_2.5 samples were gathered at 3-h intervals during various seasons using both quartz and Teflon filters, and subjected to chemical composition analysis. The mean PM_2.5 concentration was recorded at 22.8 μg/m³, with elevated levels observed during the winter. The source analysis delineated 5 p.m._2.5 sources, featuring combinations of EC, Pb, Ni, Cu, and OC. Gaseous pollutants were categorized into CO, CO₂, Chloroform, Isopropylbenzene & Chlorobenzene, Dichlorobenzene, and Vehicle emissions. Conditional Probability Functions analysis revealed various source inflow directions, predominantly influenced by the nearby industrial complex. The dithiothreitol assay-oxidative potential normalized to 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (QDTT-OP) of PM_2.5 demonstrated significant correlations with primary emission sources, particularly EC and Pb, due to incomplete combustion processes. Effectively managing these emissions is essential for mitigating health risks related to air pollution. This research offers crucial information for the formulation of strategies aimed at enhancing air quality and public health in industrialized regions.

这项调查旨在通过采用源分配模式，确定丽水国家工业园区内 PM2.5 和各种气态污染物的特征和来源。在不同季节，使用石英和聚四氟乙烯过滤器每隔 3 小时采集一次 PM2.5 样品，并进行化学成分分析。记录的 PM2.5 平均浓度为 22.8 μg/m³，冬季浓度较高。污染源分析确定了 5 个 PM2.5 污染源，分别是导电率、铅、镍、铜和有机碳。气态污染物分为一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯仿、异丙苯和ampamp；氯苯、二氯苯和车辆排放物。条件概率函数分析表明，各种污染源的流入方向主要受附近工业综合体的影响。PM2.5 的二硫苏糖醇测定-氧化电位归一化为 9,10-菲醌（QDTT-OP）表明，由于不完全燃烧过程，PM2.5 与主要排放源，特别是与氨基甲酸乙酯和铅有显著相关性。有效管理这些排放物对于降低与空气污染有关的健康风险至关重要。这项研究为制定旨在提高工业化地区空气质量和公众健康水平的战略提供了重要信息。

{"title":"Identification of major sources of PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants contributing to oxidative potential in the Yeosu national petrochemical industrial complex: Insights from the PMF model","authors":"Seoyeong Choe, Geun-Hye Yu, Myoungki Song, Sea-Ho Oh, Hajeong Jeon, Dong-Hoon Ko, Chaehyeong Park, Min-Suk Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation seeks to characterize and pinpoint the sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and various gaseous pollutants within the Yeosu National Industrial Complex by employing the source apportionment model. PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples were gathered at 3-h intervals during various seasons using both quartz and Teflon filters, and subjected to chemical composition analysis. The mean PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration was recorded at 22.8 μg/m³, with elevated levels observed during the winter. The source analysis delineated 5 p.m.<sub>2.5</sub> sources, featuring combinations of EC, Pb, Ni, Cu, and OC. Gaseous pollutants were categorized into CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, Chloroform, Isopropylbenzene & Chlorobenzene, Dichlorobenzene, and Vehicle emissions. Conditional Probability Functions analysis revealed various source inflow directions, predominantly influenced by the nearby industrial complex. The dithiothreitol assay-oxidative potential normalized to 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (QDTT-OP) of PM<sub>2.5</sub> demonstrated significant correlations with primary emission sources, particularly EC and Pb, due to incomplete combustion processes. Effectively managing these emissions is essential for mitigating health risks related to air pollution. This research offers crucial information for the formulation of strategies aimed at enhancing air quality and public health in industrialized regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sources and their contributions of ambient PM2.5 concentrations in an industrial area of Atlanta from 1998 to 2016 1998 年至 2016 年亚特兰大某工业区环境 PM2.5 浓度的来源及其贡献率

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120944

Ivana Stanimirova , David Q. Rich , Armistead G. Russell , Philip K. Hopke

The SouthEastern Aerosol Research CHaracterization (SEARCH) program examined air quality at 6 sites across the southeastern United States. The Jefferson Street site in Atlanta operated from 1998 to 2016 with the collection and chemical characterization of PM_2.5 that provide data suitable for source identification and apportionment with a sufficiently long time series to permit effective trend analyses. Although there have been analyses of parts of these data, there is no prior comprehensive analysis relating the changes in source-specific PM_2.5 with policy implementations and economic drivers. The major sources were secondary sulfate, traffic sources (spark- and compression-ignition vehicles), and secondary nitrate. Several local industrial sources were identified primarily assigned as metal working, but likely including a nearby bus maintenance garage. A combined biomass burning and pyrolyzed organic carbon factor was resolved that reflected the extensive prescribed burning that occurred in the southeastern United States to control larger wildfires and that increased in recent years. The major trends were reductions in concentrations of sulfate and nitrate likely as a result of policies to reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants and mobile sources. Gasoline vehicle contributions uniformly declined, but there was a period of increase diesel concentrations in the middle of the study period for which the cause is unknown.

东南气溶胶研究特征描述（SEARCH）计划检查了美国东南部 6 个站点的空气质量。亚特兰大杰斐逊街站点从 1998 年到 2016 年一直在收集 PM2.5，并对其进行化学特征描述，这些数据适用于来源识别和分摊，其时间序列足够长，可以进行有效的趋势分析。虽然已经对这些数据的部分内容进行了分析，但之前还没有关于特定来源 PM2.5 的变化与政策实施和经济驱动因素之间关系的全面分析。主要来源是二次硫酸盐、交通来源（火花和压燃式车辆）和二次硝酸盐。已确定的几个本地工业源主要是金属加工，但也可能包括附近的一个公共汽车维修车间。生物质燃烧和热解有机碳的综合因素得到了解决，这反映了美国东南部为控制更大规模的野火而进行的大范围规定燃烧，近年来这种燃烧有所增加。主要趋势是硫酸盐和硝酸盐浓度的下降，这可能是减少燃煤发电厂和移动污染源排放政策的结果。汽油车排放的浓度一致下降，但在研究期间的中期，柴油车排放的浓度有所上升，原因不明。

{"title":"Sources and their contributions of ambient PM2.5 concentrations in an industrial area of Atlanta from 1998 to 2016","authors":"Ivana Stanimirova , David Q. Rich , Armistead G. Russell , Philip K. Hopke","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SouthEastern Aerosol Research CHaracterization (SEARCH) program examined air quality at 6 sites across the southeastern United States. The Jefferson Street site in Atlanta operated from 1998 to 2016 with the collection and chemical characterization of PM<sub>2.5</sub> that provide data suitable for source identification and apportionment with a sufficiently long time series to permit effective trend analyses. Although there have been analyses of parts of these data, there is no prior comprehensive analysis relating the changes in source-specific PM<sub>2.5</sub> with policy implementations and economic drivers. The major sources were secondary sulfate, traffic sources (spark- and compression-ignition vehicles), and secondary nitrate. Several local industrial sources were identified primarily assigned as metal working, but likely including a nearby bus maintenance garage. A combined biomass burning and pyrolyzed organic carbon factor was resolved that reflected the extensive prescribed burning that occurred in the southeastern United States to control larger wildfires and that increased in recent years. The major trends were reductions in concentrations of sulfate and nitrate likely as a result of policies to reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants and mobile sources. Gasoline vehicle contributions uniformly declined, but there was a period of increase diesel concentrations in the middle of the study period for which the cause is unknown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canadian record-breaking wildfires in 2023 and their impact on US air quality 2023 年加拿大野火破纪录及其对美国空气质量的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120941

Han Chen , Weihang Zhang , Lifang Sheng

In recent years, extreme climate has increasingly triggered record boreal wildfires. The year 2023 saw a significant surge in wildfire occurrences in Canada, far surpassing the historical record. In this study, multi-source data were utilized for a comprehensive analysis of the development of the Canadian wildfires in 2023, the pathways of wildfire smoke, and its impact on the air quality in the US. The results indicate that the 2023 Canadian wildfires mainly occurred in western Canada (accounting for 60% of the burned area) and Quebec (eastern Canada, 29% of the burned area). Weather systems played a key role throughout wildfires and smoke plume transport processes. Specifically, high temperatures and dry weather caused by the blocking high-pressure systems was conducive to the enhancement of wildfire activities. Additionally, the southward airflow ahead of the ridge facilitated the transport of wildfires plume towards the south. This transport pattern frequently manifests under the Weather Regimes (WR) associated with the Alaskan Ridge (AkR) and Arctic High (ArH). In May and July, the smoke originating from the wildfires in western Canada, guided by the North American trough, affected the midwestern US. In June, smoke from eastern Canada led to severe air pollution in the northeastern US. Throughout the wildfire season, particulate matter dominated pollution in the US. The daily average PM_2.5 concentration peaked at 258.9 μg/m³, exceeding the World Health Organization standard guidelines (15 μg/m³) by 17.3 times. This study highlights that wildfire has become one of the major environmental challenges facing the world under the influence of extreme climate.

近年来，极端气候越来越多地引发了创纪录的北方野火。2023 年，加拿大野火发生率大幅上升，远远超过历史记录。本研究利用多源数据对 2023 年加拿大野火的发展、野火烟雾的路径及其对美国空气质量的影响进行了综合分析。结果表明，2023 年加拿大野火主要发生在加拿大西部（占燃烧面积的 60%）和魁北克省（加拿大东部，占燃烧面积的 29%）。天气系统在整个野火和烟羽传播过程中发挥了关键作用。具体来说，受阻高压系统造成的高温和干燥天气有利于加强野火活动。此外，山脊前方的偏南气流也促进了野火烟羽向南输送。在与阿拉斯加山脊（AkR）和北极高纬度（ArH）相关的天气状况（WR）下，这种输送模式经常出现。5 月和 7 月，加拿大西部野火产生的烟雾在北美低槽的引导下影响了美国中西部地区。6 月，来自加拿大东部的烟雾导致美国东北部空气严重污染。在整个野火季节，美国的污染以颗粒物为主。PM2.5 的日均浓度最高达到 258.9 μg/m³，比世界卫生组织的标准准则（15 μg/m³）高出 17.3 倍。这项研究强调，在极端气候的影响下，野火已成为全球面临的主要环境挑战之一。

{"title":"Canadian record-breaking wildfires in 2023 and their impact on US air quality","authors":"Han Chen , Weihang Zhang , Lifang Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, extreme climate has increasingly triggered record boreal wildfires. The year 2023 saw a significant surge in wildfire occurrences in Canada, far surpassing the historical record. In this study, multi-source data were utilized for a comprehensive analysis of the development of the Canadian wildfires in 2023, the pathways of wildfire smoke, and its impact on the air quality in the US. The results indicate that the 2023 Canadian wildfires mainly occurred in western Canada (accounting for 60% of the burned area) and Quebec (eastern Canada, 29% of the burned area). Weather systems played a key role throughout wildfires and smoke plume transport processes. Specifically, high temperatures and dry weather caused by the blocking high-pressure systems was conducive to the enhancement of wildfire activities. Additionally, the southward airflow ahead of the ridge facilitated the transport of wildfires plume towards the south. This transport pattern frequently manifests under the Weather Regimes (WR) associated with the Alaskan Ridge (AkR) and Arctic High (ArH). In May and July, the smoke originating from the wildfires in western Canada, guided by the North American trough, affected the midwestern US. In June, smoke from eastern Canada led to severe air pollution in the northeastern US. Throughout the wildfire season, particulate matter dominated pollution in the US. The daily average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration peaked at 258.9 μg/m³, exceeding the World Health Organization standard guidelines (15 μg/m³) by 17.3 times. This study highlights that wildfire has become one of the major environmental challenges facing the world under the influence of extreme climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme cooling in Northeast China in January and concurrent maximum in the lower stratospheric temperature and ozone: Case studies 中国东北地区 1 月份出现极度降温，同时低平流层温度和臭氧达到最高值：案例研究

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120938

Yu Shi , Oleksandr Evtushevsky , Gennadi Milinevsky , Ruixian Yu , Asen Grytsai , Xiaopeng Sun , Xiaolong Wang , Bohdan Novosyadlyj

This paper analyzes the four severe cooling events in Changchun, Northeast China, in January for selected years. The events in the absence of sudden stratospheric warmings were chosen. This excludes the possible effects of warm stratospheric anomalies in the polar vortex region, which may affect midlatitudes. The meridional profiles and maps for the coldest and warmest days of January are compared using the temperature and ozone data from observations and reanalysis. Based on the vertical temperature structure compared to the coldest–warmest days, the lower stratosphere–surface thermal coupling was analyzed, which has not been studied previously. It has been shown that (i) temperature increase by 5–10 °C in the lower stratosphere, (ii) lowering the tropopause by about 2–3 km, (iii) pushing the cold midtropospheric layer from climatological about 3 km to the surface with formation of the midlatitude temperature minimum, and (iv) a decrease in surface temperature in Changchun by 15–24 °C, concurrently occurred on the coldest days compared to the warmest days. Cold air in the region of the midlatitude minimum temperature, merging with the cold air of higher latitudes, contributes to the formation of the cold air outbreak pattern. The main elements of stratospheric and tropospheric dynamics (quasi-stationary and traveling planetary waves, zonally asymmetric Brewer–Dobson circulation, deformation of the tropopause and tropospheric isotherms) involved in extreme cooling events are analyzed. Because of the positive correlation between total ozone and temperature in the lower stratosphere, extremely high total ozone over the midlatitude region may serve as an indicator of warm stratospheric anomaly and possible downward thermal forcing.

本文分析了中国东北长春部分年份一月份的四次严重降温事件。本文选择了没有出现平流层突然变暖的事件。这样就排除了极地涡旋区平流层暖异常可能对中纬度地区造成的影响。利用观测数据和再分析数据中的温度和臭氧数据，比较了 1 月份最冷和最热日子的经向剖面和地图。根据与最冷-最热天相比的垂直温度结构，分析了低平流层-地表热耦合，这是以前没有研究过的。研究表明：(i) 低平流层温度上升 5-10 °C；(ii) 对流层顶降低约 2-3 km；(iii) 中对流层冷层从气候学上的约 3 km 推向地表，形成中纬度温度最低点；(iv) 与最暖日相比，最冷日长春地表温度下降 15-24 °C。中纬度最低气温区域的冷空气与高纬度冷空气融合，促成了冷空气爆发模式的形成。分析了极端降温事件所涉及的平流层和对流层动力学的主要因素（准静止和行进行星波、带状不对称布鲁尔-多布森环流、对流层顶变形和对流层等温线）。由于臭氧总量与平流层下部的温度呈正相关，中纬度地区上空极高的臭氧总量可作为平流层暖异常和可能的向下热强迫的指标。

{"title":"Extreme cooling in Northeast China in January and concurrent maximum in the lower stratospheric temperature and ozone: Case studies","authors":"Yu Shi , Oleksandr Evtushevsky , Gennadi Milinevsky , Ruixian Yu , Asen Grytsai , Xiaopeng Sun , Xiaolong Wang , Bohdan Novosyadlyj","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the four severe cooling events in Changchun, Northeast China, in January for selected years. The events in the absence of sudden stratospheric warmings were chosen. This excludes the possible effects of warm stratospheric anomalies in the polar vortex region, which may affect midlatitudes. The meridional profiles and maps for the coldest and warmest days of January are compared using the temperature and ozone data from observations and reanalysis. Based on the vertical temperature structure compared to the coldest–warmest days, the lower stratosphere–surface thermal coupling was analyzed, which has not been studied previously. It has been shown that (i) temperature increase by 5–10 °C in the lower stratosphere, (ii) lowering the tropopause by about 2–3 km, (iii) pushing the cold midtropospheric layer from climatological about 3 km to the surface with formation of the midlatitude temperature minimum, and (iv) a decrease in surface temperature in Changchun by 15–24 °C, concurrently occurred on the coldest days compared to the warmest days. Cold air in the region of the midlatitude minimum temperature, merging with the cold air of higher latitudes, contributes to the formation of the cold air outbreak pattern. The main elements of stratospheric and tropospheric dynamics (quasi-stationary and traveling planetary waves, zonally asymmetric Brewer–Dobson circulation, deformation of the tropopause and tropospheric isotherms) involved in extreme cooling events are analyzed. Because of the positive correlation between total ozone and temperature in the lower stratosphere, extremely high total ozone over the midlatitude region may serve as an indicator of warm stratospheric anomaly and possible downward thermal forcing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0