丈夫和妻子:乌干达咖啡合作社中的权力、危险和女性参与

Carla Canelas, Felix Meier zu Selhausen, Erik Stam
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的低收入国家的女性小农在进入资本和商品市场方面面临障碍。虽然农业合作社提供的服务有助于提高小规模生产者的收入和生产力,但有关合作社在社会和经济方面为女性小农赋权的证据仍然有限。我们将森的能力方法应用于女性企业家的社会经济赋权,研究妇女参与乌干达西部农村的咖啡和小额信贷合作社是否有利于她们在家庭中的社会和经济地位。首先,我们研究了妇女参与合作社与其家庭咖啡销售和储蓄之间的关系。其次,我们研究了妇女参与合作社与家庭内部决策之间的联系,以及丈夫加入妻子的合作社是加强了还是削弱了妇女的决策权。 设计/方法/途径 我们对乌干达农村地区的一家咖啡和小额信贷混合合作社进行了案例研究,该合作社通过整合和赋予女性小农户权力来促进社会创新。本文采用倾向得分匹配法,对布孔佐联合合作社随机抽取的 26 个自助小组中的 411 名已婚女性合作社成员和相同地区的 196 名女性非成员进行了横截面调查,研究了妇女参与乌干达西部鲁文佐里山区咖啡和小额信贷合作社的益处。我们的研究结果为女性小农户参与混合合作社提供了新的经验证据。我们的研究结果表明,妇女参与小额信贷生产者合作社似乎是一种有条件的祝福:尽管成员资格与妇女家庭内部决策权的增加以及家庭储蓄和咖啡销售收入的提高有关,但与丈夫同在一个合作社自助小组的妻子与妇女家庭决策权的减弱有关。特别是,我们重点对一家大型咖啡合作社进行了个案研究。我们的横截面调查无法推断因果关系。我们的经验结果表明,女性小农户的合作社成员资格与较高的收入和咖啡销售额相关。然而,丈夫共同参与妻子的合作社却削弱了妻子的决策权,这表明,让丈夫和其他家庭成员加入同一个合作社对女性小农户来说可能并不是一条有吸引力的赋权途径。因此,与只关注妇女自主领域的干预措施相比,鼓励夫妻双方合作并对具体情况下的性别不平等问题保持敏感的干预措施可能更能成功地促进社会变革,实现家庭性别平等。首先,我们的研究结果提供了新颖的实证证据,说明在乌干达农村地区,妇女参与以自助小组为基础的咖啡合作社对妇女赋权的影响。其次,我们的数据允许我们探讨丈夫参与妻子的合作社和 SGH 的作用。我们将我们的假设和实证结果融入对女性创业、小额信贷和合作社文献的丰富讨论中。
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Husbands and wives: power, peril and female participation in a Ugandan coffee cooperative

Purpose

Female smallholder farmers in low-income countries face barriers to accessing capital and commodity markets. While agricultural cooperatives provide services that contribute to the income and productivity of small-scale producers, evidence of cooperatives' social and economic empowerment of female smallholders remains limited. We apply Sen's capability approach to female entrepreneurs' socioeconomic empowerment to examine whether women's participation in a coffee and microfinance cooperative from rural western Uganda benefits their social and economic position within their household. First, we study the relationship between women's cooperative participation and their household coffee sales and savings. Second, we investigate the link between women's cooperative participation and their intra-household decision-making and whether the inclusion of the husband in his wife's cooperative strengthens or lowers women's decision-making power.

Design/methodology/approach

We carry out a case study of a hybrid coffee and microfinance cooperative that promotes social innovation through the integration and empowerment of female smallholders in rural Uganda. Using a cross-sectional survey of 411 married female cooperative members from 26 randomly selected self-help groups of Bukonzo Joint Cooperative and 196 female non-members from the identical area, employing propensity score matching, this paper investigates the benefits of women's participation in a coffee and microfinance cooperative in the Rwenzori Mountains of western Uganda. We present and discuss the results of our case study within an extensive literature on the role of institutions in collective action for women's empowerment.

Findings

Our findings provide new empirical evidence on female smallholders' participation in mixed cooperatives. Our results indicate that women's participation in microfinance-producer cooperatives appears to be a conditional blessing: even though membership is linked to increased women's intra-household decision-making and raised household savings and income from coffee sales, a wife with a husband in the same cooperative self-help group is associated with diminished women's household decision-making power.

Research limitations/implications

The focus of this study is on female coffee smallholders in an agricultural cooperative in rural western Uganda. In particular, we focus on a case study of one major coffee cooperative. Our cross-sectional survey does not allow us to infer causal interpretations. Also, the survey does not include variables that allow us to measure other dimensions of women's empowerment beyond decision-making over household expenditures and women's financial performance related to savings and income from coffee cultivation.

Practical implications

Our empirical results indicate that female smallholders' cooperative membership is associated with higher incomes and coffee sales. However, husband co-participation in their wives' cooperative group diminishes wives' decision-making, which suggests that including husbands and other family members in the same cooperative group may not be perceived as an attractive route to empowerment for female smallholders. For these reasons, an intervention that encourages the cooperation of both spouses and that is sensitive to context-specific gender inequalities, may be more successful at stimulating social change toward household gender equality than interventions that focus on women's autonomous spheres only.

Originality/value

While the literature thus far has focused on microfinance's potential for women's empowerment, evidence on agricultural cooperatives' affecting women's social and economic position is limited. First, our findings provide novel empirical evidence on the empowering effects of women's participation in a self-help group-based coffee cooperative in rural Uganda. Second, our data allows us to explore the role of husbands' participation in their wives' cooperative and SGH. We embed our hypotheses and empirical results in a rich discussion of female entrepreneurship, microfinance and cooperative literature.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
6.50%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: ■Research in SMEs, entrepreneurship and family-run businesses ■Case studies on real-life small business experiences ■Small Business growth and successful enterprises ■Practical advice from small business advisors ■Recruitment, training and development for SMEs ■Performance measurement and business improvement ■Government initiatives and enterprise policy ■SME financing and venture capital. By encouraging debate on the key issues facing SMEs, the journal offers detailed analysis and critical assessment of current best practice, discusses the implications of latest research findings and explores opportunities to break down the barriers that restrict the growth of SMEs.
期刊最新文献
University student entrepreneurial intentions: the effects of perceived institutional support, parental role models, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy Entrepreneurship mentoring in higher education: how does the mentor benefit? How do social enterprises respond operationally to conflicting demands? A resource-based view Husbands and wives: power, peril and female participation in a Ugandan coffee cooperative The importance of team diversity in initial coin offerings (ICO) success
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