北极-中纬度联系综述:交互影响、物理机制和非平稳性

IF 2.5 4区 地球科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Atmosphere Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.3390/atmos15091115
Shuoyi Ding, Xiaodan Chen, Xuanwen Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Peiqiang Xu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

鉴于北极迅速变暖和北极海冰持续减少,北极与中纬度之间复杂的双向联系已成为近期气候研究的一个焦点。在本文中,我们回顾了目前对中纬度大气变率与北极海冰或热条件在年际时间尺度上的交互影响的理解。随着海冰的减少,与北极冬季(夏季)变暖(变冷)形成鲜明对比的是,欧亚大陆和北美洲经历了异常寒冷(温暖)的条件和创纪录的降雪(降雨),在北极和中纬度之间形成了相反的振荡。统计分析和建模研究都表明,秋冬季北极变化对冬季中纬度降温、寒潮和降雪有重大影响,春夏季北极变化对中纬度变暖、热浪和降雨也有潜在影响,特别是在不同区域海冰的作用方面。可能的物理过程可分为对流层和平流层途径,前者包括漩涡喷流、水平传播的罗斯比波和瞬时涡流-平均流相互作用,后者表现为准静止行星波的异常垂直传播以及平流层异常的相关向下控制。反过来,中纬度地区的大气盛行模式也会通过经向能量传输对北极海冰或热状况异常做出贡献。北极与中纬度的联系随着时间的推移而波动,并受到多种因素的影响(如气候学海冰的持续融化、海冰异常的不同位置和幅度、内部变率以及其他外部作用力),这无疑增加了机制研究的难度以及中纬度天气和气候预测的不确定性。最后,我们进行了简明扼要的总结,并对未来研究提出了建议。
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A Review on the Arctic–Midlatitudes Connection: Interactive Impacts, Physical Mechanisms, and Nonstationary
In light of the rapid Arctic warming and continuous reduction in Arctic Sea ice, the complex two-way Arctic–midlatitudes connection has become a focal point in recent climate research. In this paper, we review the current understanding of the interactive influence between midlatitude atmospheric variability and Arctic Sea ice or thermal conditions on interannual timescales. As sea ice diminishes, in contrast to the Arctic warming (cooling) in boreal winter (summer), Eurasia and North America have experienced anomalously cold (warm) conditions and record snowfall (rainfall), forming an opposite oscillation between the Arctic and midlatitudes. Both statistical analyses and modeling studies have demonstrated the significant impacts of autumn–winter Arctic variations on winter midlatitude cooling, cold surges, and snowfall, as well as the potential contributions of spring–summer Arctic variations to midlatitude warming, heatwaves and rainfall, particularly focusing on the role of distinct regional sea ice. The possible physical processes can be categorized into tropospheric and stratospheric pathways, with the former encompassing the swirling jet stream, horizontally propagated Rossby waves, and transient eddy–mean flow interaction, and the latter manifested as anomalous vertical propagation of quasi-stationary planetary waves and associated downward control of stratospheric anomalies. In turn, atmospheric prevailing patterns in the midlatitudes also contribute to Arctic Sea ice or thermal condition anomalies by meridional energy transport. The Arctic–midlatitudes connection fluctuates over time and is influenced by multiple factors (e.g., continuous melting of climatological sea ice, different locations and magnitudes of sea ice anomalies, internal variability, and other external forcings), undoubtedly increasing the difficulty of mechanism studies and the uncertainty surrounding predictions of midlatitude weather and climate. In conclusion, we provide a succinct summary and offer suggestions for future research.
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来源期刊
Atmosphere
Atmosphere METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.80%
发文量
1769
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433) is an international and cross-disciplinary scholarly journal of scientific studies related to the atmosphere. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications and short notes, and there is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided for research articles.
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