ZTF SN Ia DR2:模拟和体积有限的样本

M. Amenouche, M. Smith, P. Rosnet, M. Rigault, M. Aubert, C. Barjou-Delayre, U. Burgaz, B. Carreres, G. Dimitriadis, F. Feinstein, L. Galbany, M. Ginolin, A. Goobar, L. Harvey, Y. -L. Kim, K. Maguire, T. E. Müller-Bravo, J. Nordin, P. Nugent, B. Racine, D. Rosselli, N. Regnault, J. Sollerman, J. H. Terwel, A. Townsend, S. L. Groom, S. R. Kulkarni, M. Kasliwal, R. R. Laher, J. Purdum
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摘要

Ia 型超新星(SNe Ia)是通过拟合哈勃-勒马(Hubble-Lema/^itre)图(即 Ia 型超新星距离模数与其红移的关系)来推导宇宙学参数的一个历史性探测器。在精确宇宙学时代,对进入哈勃-勒马^itre图的任何巡天观测的SNe Ia进行现实模拟,是解决观测系统性问题(如Malmquist偏差)的关键工具。由于SNe Ia的距离模量是通过拟合其光曲线得到的,因此需要一个强大的模拟框架。在本文中,我们介绍了模拟框架skysurvey的性能,以重建兹威基瞬变设施(ZTF)SN Ia DR2,涵盖ZTF从2018年4月到2020年12月的第一阶段。首先,对ZTF SN Ia DR2进行了有针对性的模拟,以检查在对观测条件和仪器性能进行微调之后框架的有效性。然后,在模拟光曲线上使用观测ZTF日志和ZTF SN Ia DR2选择标准进行了实际模拟,以证明模拟框架匹配ZTF SN Ia DR2样本的能力。此外,还对SALT2光曲线参数(拉伸和颜色)的红移依赖性进行了研究,以推导出一个体积有限的样本,即一个无偏的SNe Ia样本,其特征为$z_{lim}\leq 0.06$。这个由大约1000个SNe Ia组成的体积受限样本是独一无二的,可以在标准化程序上进行新的分析,其精确度从未达到过(这些分析将在相关论文中介绍)。
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ZTF SN Ia DR2: Simulations and volume limited sample
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) constitute an historical probe to derive cosmological parameters through the fit of the Hubble-Lema\^itre diagram, i.e. SN Ia distance modulus versus their redshift. In the era of precision cosmology, realistic simulation of SNe Ia for any survey entering in an Hubble-Lema\^itre diagram is a key tool to address observational systematics, like Malmquist bias. As the distance modulus of SNe Ia is derived from the fit of their light-curves, a robust simulation framework is required. In this paper, we present the performances of the simulation framework skysurvey to reproduce the the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) SN Ia DR2 covering the first phase of ZTF running from April 2018 up to December 2020. The ZTF SN Ia DR2 sample correspond to almost 3000 classified SNe Ia of cosmological quality. First, a targeted simulation of the ZTF SN Ia DR2 was carried on to check the validity of the framework after some fine tuning of the observing conditions and instrument performance. Then, a realistic simulation has been run using observing ZTF logs and ZTF SN Ia DR2 selection criteria on simulated light-curves to demonstrate the ability of the simulation framework to match the ZTF SN Ia DR2 sample. Furthermore a redshift dependency of SALT2 light-curve parameters (stretch and colour) was conducted to deduce a volume limited sample, i.e. an unbiased SNe Ia sample, characterized with $z_{lim} \leq 0.06$. This volume limited sample of about 1000 SNe Ia is unique to carry on new analysis on standardization procedure with a precision never reached (those analysis are presented in companion papers).
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