新神经经济框架的政策后果

A. David Redish, Henri Scott Chastain, Carlisle Ford Runge, Brian M. Sweis, Scott E. Allen, Antara Haldar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

当前的决策理论认为,哺乳动物(包括人类)大脑中的神经回路通过计算将过去(记忆)、现在(感知)和未来(行为主体目标)的表征结合起来,从而采取满足行为主体需求的行动。如何在这些神经回路中表征信息会改变该系统可进行的计算,从而改变代理如何与他们的世界互动以采取这些行动。我们认为,决策的计算神经科学提供了一个新的微观经济框架(神经经济学),为构建与这些决策系统互动以改善结果的政策提供了新的机会。在阐述了哺乳动物大脑中决策制定的计算过程之后,我们介绍了这一逻辑的四种具有政策后果的应用:(1)作为成瘾治疗方法的应急管理,(2)预先承诺和对沉没成本的敏感性,(3)灾难后住房价格变化的媒体后果,以及(4)社会互动是小额信贷机构成功(和失败)的基础。
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Policy consequences of the new neuroeconomic framework
Current theories of decision making suggest that the neural circuits in mammalian brains (including humans) computationally combine representations of the past (memory), present (perception), and future (agentic goals) to take actions that achieve the needs of the agent. How information is represented within those neural circuits changes what computations are available to that system which changes how agents interact with their world to take those actions. We argue that the computational neuroscience of decision making provides a new microeconomic framework (neuroeconomics) that offers new opportunities to construct policies that interact with those decision-making systems to improve outcomes. After laying out the computational processes underlying decision making in mammalian brains, we present four applications of this logic with policy consequences: (1) contingency management as a treatment for addiction, (2) precommitment and the sensitivity to sunk costs, (3) media consequences for changes in housing prices after a disaster, and (4) how social interactions underlie the success (and failure) of microfinance institutions.
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