否定句下相对形容词和绝对形容词的解释

IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Journal of Semantics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1093/jos/ffae012
Stavroula Alexandropoulou, Nicole Gotzner
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引用次数: 0

摘要

否定通常会对释义产生矛盾的影响。同时,被否定的语句往往信息量不足,这就为否定强化等语用效果留下了空间,在否定强化中,被否定的形容词被语用强化以表达其反义词(例如,not large $\leadsto $ 'small')。在这里,我们研究了有关否定强化效应产生机制的理论争议。根据 Horn(1989)的观点,负强化是基于社会因素而产生的,而根据 Krifka(2007)的观点,负强化是基于复杂性因素而产生的,从而产生了不同的解释模式。我们将 Horn(1989)和 Krifka(2007)的观点应用于三种不同的否定反义形容词情况:信息弱的相对形容词、信息弱的绝对形容词和信息强的可分级形容词。我们的实验结果表明,在否定条件下,弱相对形容词(大/小)和弱绝对可分级形容词(干净/脏)有不同的解释模式。这些结果证实了 Horn(1989 年)对否定强化效应的预测,并强调了反义谓词之间的语义延伸差距对否定强化发生的重要性。与此相反,我们关于强反义形容词(例如,not gigantic/not tiny)的实验结果表面上对 Horn(1989)的分析提出了挑战,但它们并不支持任何替代解释。
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The Interpretation of Relative and Absolute Adjectives Under Negation
Negation typically has a contradictory effect on interpretation. At the same time, negated statements are often underinformative, which leaves room for pragmatic effects such as negative strengthening, where negated adjectives are pragmatically strengthened to convey their antonym (e.g., not large $\leadsto $ ‘small’). Here, we investigate a theoretical controversy relating to the mechanism deriving negative strengthening effects. According to Horn's (1989) account negative strengthening arises on the basis of social considerations, whereas on Krifka's (2007) account it arises via complexity-based considerations, yielding distinct interpretation patterns. We applied Horn's (1989) and Krifka's (2007) accounts to three distinct cases of negated antonymic adjectives: informationally weak relative adjectives, informationally weak absolute adjectives, and informationally strong gradable adjectives. Our experimental results demonstrate different interpretation patterns for weak relative (large/small) and weak absolute gradable adjectives (clean/dirty) under negation. These results confirm the predictions stemming from Horn's (1989) account of negative strengthening effects and highlight the importance of a semantic extension gap between antonymic predicates for the occurrence of negative strengthening. In contrast, our experimental findings concerning strong antonymic adjectives (e.g., not gigantic/not tiny) prima facie present challenges for Horn's (1989) analysis, while they do not endorse any alternative account.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
11.10%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: Journal of Semantics aims to be the premier journal in semantics. It covers all areas in the study of meaning, with a focus on formal and experimental methods. The Journal welcomes submissions on semantics, pragmatics, the syntax/semantics interface, cross-linguistic semantics, experimental studies of meaning (processing, acquisition, neurolinguistics), and semantically informed philosophy of language.
期刊最新文献
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