藏东高原贡觉盆地首次记录中始新世大象祖先的足迹

IF 4.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6
Asma Tahir, Huazhou Yao, Junaid Khan, Yangui Li, He Zhao, Yue Yu, Tang Yuan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这是首次在藏东高原贡若盆地发现中始新世大象祖先的足迹化石群。贡若地层属于中始新世(U-Pb 年龄 = 44.7 ± 1.2 Ma),主要由紫红色中粗粒砂岩、粉砂岩夹泥岩和砾岩组成,具有涟漪痕、撕裂碎屑和槽状交叉层理等沉积结构,显示为河流-湖泊系统。这组脚印化石具有椭圆形凹陷的特征,没有脚趾印。一些脚印化石呈阶梯状,其麻点纹理与谜蛛相似。该类群有 165 个以上的脚印化石保存相对完好,直径各不相同,这证明了其高度的社会行为和不同年龄段的足迹制造者,包括幼崽、少年、青年和成年。根据脚印化石的大小频率,我们可以推断出44.7Ma前穿越藏东高原的足迹制造者的体重、肩高和臀高分布。据估计,履带制造者的平均臀高为 111.8 厘米,平均肩高为男性 172.8 厘米/女性 155.9 厘米,平均体重为男性约 1 218.1 千克/女性约 907.8 千克。大量的脚印化石表明,在中始新世时期,西藏东部地区的环境非常有利于大象祖先的生活。
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First Record of Middle Eocene Elephant Ancestors’ Footprints in the Gonjo Basin, East Tibet Plateau

It is the first time that the fossil footprints of a group of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors have been discovered in the Gonjo Basin, East Tibet Plateau. The Gonjo Formation is attributed to the Middle Eocene Epoch (U-Pb age = 44.7 ± 1.2 Ma) and consists mainly of purplish-red, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones, siltstones interbedded with mudstones, and conglomerates with sedimentary structures like ripple marks, rip-up clasts, and trough-cross bedding, suggesting fluvial-lacustrine systems. The group of fossil footprints has a characteristic oval-concave shape, and the toe impressions are absent. Some fossil footprints are overstepped with a pockmarked texture resembling Proboscipeda enigmatica. More than 165 fossil footprints of the group are relatively well-preserved with different diameters, which is evidence of highly social behavior and trackmakers of different ages, including calves, juveniles, adolescents, and adults. The size frequency of the fossil footprints enabled us to deduce the body mass, shoulder height, and hip-height distribution of the trackmakers that crossed the East Tibet Plateau 44.7 Ma ago. The trackmakers comprised an estimated average hip-height of 111.8 cm, an average shoulder height of 172.8 cm for males/155.9 cm for females, and an average body mass of approximately 1 218.1 kg for males/907.8 kg for females. The abundance of fossil footprints reveals that in the Middle Eocene Epoch, the environment was extraordinarily conducive for the elephant ancestors to live in the East Tibet region.

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来源期刊
Journal of Earth Science
Journal of Earth Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
12.10%
发文量
128
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Earth Science (previously known as Journal of China University of Geosciences), issued bimonthly through China University of Geosciences, covers all branches of geology and related technology in the exploration and utilization of earth resources. Founded in 1990 as the Journal of China University of Geosciences, this publication is expanding its breadth of coverage to an international scope. Coverage includes such topics as geology, petrology, mineralogy, ore deposit geology, tectonics, paleontology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochemistry, geophysics and environmental sciences. Articles published in recent issues include Tectonics in the Northwestern West Philippine Basin; Creep Damage Characteristics of Soft Rock under Disturbance Loads; Simplicial Indicator Kriging; Tephra Discovered in High Resolution Peat Sediment and Its Indication to Climatic Event. The journal offers discussion of new theories, methods and discoveries; reports on recent achievements in the geosciences; and timely reviews of selected subjects.
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