上苏特雷杰-札达盆地印度河的中更新世古河道:构造隆升对西藏西南部和喜马拉雅西北部河流盗采和排水系统重组的影响

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI:10.1002/esp.5977
Abhishek Kashyap, Anand Kumar Pandey, Mukunda Dev Behera
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们分析了喜马拉雅西北-西藏西南造山构造活跃地区瞬变的上萨特鲁杰-扎达盆地及其邻近地区的高低起伏遗迹地貌,以了解在喀喇昆仑断层-里欧-帕吉尔霍斯特系统影响下区域地貌和排水系统的演变。这种高低起伏的地貌代表了中新世建立的新河网,它见证了现在的苏特莱杰河,苏特莱杰河自(约 4-1 Ma)以来一直经历着短暂的地表隆起-冲积机制,在苏特莱杰河和斯皮蒂河交汇处形成了局部基底。穿越喀喇昆仑断层(KF)系统的中新世阿伊拉里山脉和利奥-帕吉尔霍斯特的掘起导致了向头部的侵蚀,从而放弃了古苏特雷杰-印度河排水系统,这反过来又导致了沿库苏姆断裂(QD)的排水逆转,并使古苏特雷杰河向山前南移。我们的研究结果表明,与相邻的海拔较低的上苏特雷杰河相比,海拔较高的上印度河的 χ 范围明显较小,这与包含面积增减反馈的河流海盗模型相吻合。扎达盆地的上苏特雷杰河在海拔约 4000-4500 米处有一系列类似的共面断坡节理点,它们相邻的分水岭处于不平衡状态,这是利奥-帕吉尔霍斯特河两岸快速侵蚀的结果,它推动了区域分级过程。由于基底发生了 >~1500 米的变化,向下侵蚀的上印度河俘获了原苏特雷河,这对区域的增长模式和构造产生了重大影响。西藏西南部-喜马拉雅西北部上苏特雷杰-札达盆地的中新世沉积模式反映了这种区域性排水捕获、构造抬升和古排水重组。本发现对中更新世排水系统的重组以及上印度河与古苏特雷杰河在札达盆地上的可能联系具有更广泛的意义。
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Mio-Pliocene paleo-course of Indus River in Upper Sutlej-Zhada basin: Implication of tectonic uplift on river piracy and drainage reorganization in SW Tibet and NW Himalaya

We analysed the elevated low-relief relict landscapes in the transient Upper Satluj-Zhada basin and the adjoining region in the tectonically active north-western (NW) Himalaya–south-western (SW) Tibetan orogen to understand the evolution of the regional landscape and drainage system under the influence of the Karakoram Fault-Leo-Pargil Horst system. This elevated low relief landscape represents the Mio-Pliocene establishment of a new river network, which testimonies the present Sutlej River, which has been experiencing a transient surface uplift-incision regime since (~4–1 Ma) with a local base level at the confluence of the Sutlej and Spiti River. The Miocene exhumation of the Ayilari Range and Leo-Pargil Horst across the Karakoram fault (KF) system led to headward erosion, which abandoned the Paleo-Sutlej-Indus drainage system, which in turn caused drainage reversal along Qusum detachment (QD) and produced southward migration of the Paleo-Sutlej River towards the mountain front. Our results indicate that the Upper Indus River has significantly lower χ-ranges at higher elevations as compared with the adjacent Upper Sutlej River at lower elevations, which corresponds with a river piracy model that incorporates area gain-loss feedback. The Upper Sutlej River in the Zhada basin is characterized by a comparable series of coplanar slope-break knickpoints at ~4000–4500 m elevation, and their adjoining divides are in a state of disequilibrium as a consequence of the very high rapid incision across the Leo Pargil Horst, which drives the regional gradation process. The headward-eroding Upper Indus River captured the proto-Sutlej due to a base-level change of >~1500 m, which significantly impacted the regional growth pattern and tectonics. The Mio-Pliocene sedimentation pattern of the Upper Sutlej-Zhada basin in the SW Tibet–NW Himalaya reflects this regional drainage capture, tectonic uplift and paleo-drainage reorganization. The present finding has wider implications for the Mio-Pliocene reorganization of drainage systems and the possible linkage of the Upper Indus River with the Paleo-Sutlej over the Zhada basin.

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来源期刊
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
12.10%
发文量
215
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is an interdisciplinary international journal concerned with: the interactions between surface processes and landforms and landscapes; that lead to physical, chemical and biological changes; and which in turn create; current landscapes and the geological record of past landscapes. Its focus is core to both physical geographical and geological communities, and also the wider geosciences
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