Marta S. Izydorczyk, T. McMillan, S. A. Tittlemier, J. O'Donovan, B. D. Tidemann
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Glyphosate application at both rates at the soft dough stage significantly decreased the kernel weight of barley grain. Barley grain with up to 40 mg/kg of glyphosate residue exhibited adequate germination energy required for malting purposes; however, the residue negatively affected the growth of roots during the malting process. The levels of α-amylase in malt decreased with increasing levels of glyphosate residue in barley. Other malt and wort parameters were generally not affected by the glyphosate application on barley.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Too early application of glyphosate at the soft dough stage of barley grain development reduced the kernel weight and size, interfered with roots production, affected synthesis of α-amylase, and reduced the malt extract in several cases.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Significance and Novelty</h3>\n \n <p>Results indicated that in the majority of environments, when glyphosate was applied at the recommended stage and rate, neither the maximum residue limit was exceeded nor were the germination and malting quality of barley impaired. In real farming conditions, it might be hard to achieve similar results despite adherence to the recommended timing of glyphosate application because of the nonuniform level of crop maturity in the field and/or uncontrollable environmental effects.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":9807,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cche.10829","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of different timing and rate of glyphosate application on the residue level, grain quality, and processing performance of two Canadian malting barley varieties\",\"authors\":\"Marta S. Izydorczyk, T. McMillan, S. A. Tittlemier, J. O'Donovan, B. D. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
麦芽大麦收获前施用草甘膦有助于在收获前管理多年生杂草的生长,并通过使作物干燥而起到辅助收获的作用。本研究的主要目的是评估收割前施用草甘膦的效果,根据大麦的成熟度和种子水分水平(软团、硬团或成熟),采用两种草甘膦施用量(900 或 1125 g ae/ha)和三种施用时间。
Effects of different timing and rate of glyphosate application on the residue level, grain quality, and processing performance of two Canadian malting barley varieties
Background and Objectives
A preharvest application of glyphosate on malting barley can assist in the management of perennial weed growth before harvest and serves as a harvest aid by drying down the crop. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of preharvest glyphosate application at two glyphosate rates (900 or 1125 g ae/ha) and three application timings based on the maturity and seed moisture level (soft dough, hard dough, or mature).
Findings
The levels of glyphosate residue in barley grain were highly variable among locations and years ranging from 0 to 95 mg/kg. Glyphosate application at both rates at the soft dough stage significantly decreased the kernel weight of barley grain. Barley grain with up to 40 mg/kg of glyphosate residue exhibited adequate germination energy required for malting purposes; however, the residue negatively affected the growth of roots during the malting process. The levels of α-amylase in malt decreased with increasing levels of glyphosate residue in barley. Other malt and wort parameters were generally not affected by the glyphosate application on barley.
Conclusions
Too early application of glyphosate at the soft dough stage of barley grain development reduced the kernel weight and size, interfered with roots production, affected synthesis of α-amylase, and reduced the malt extract in several cases.
Significance and Novelty
Results indicated that in the majority of environments, when glyphosate was applied at the recommended stage and rate, neither the maximum residue limit was exceeded nor were the germination and malting quality of barley impaired. In real farming conditions, it might be hard to achieve similar results despite adherence to the recommended timing of glyphosate application because of the nonuniform level of crop maturity in the field and/or uncontrollable environmental effects.
期刊介绍:
Cereal Chemistry publishes high-quality papers reporting novel research and significant conceptual advances in genetics, biotechnology, composition, processing, and utilization of cereal grains (barley, maize, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, triticale, and wheat), pulses (beans, lentils, peas, etc.), oilseeds, and specialty crops (amaranth, flax, quinoa, etc.). Papers advancing grain science in relation to health, nutrition, pet and animal food, and safety, along with new methodologies, instrumentation, and analysis relating to these areas are welcome, as are research notes and topical review papers.
The journal generally does not accept papers that focus on nongrain ingredients, technology of a commercial or proprietary nature, or that confirm previous research without extending knowledge. Papers that describe product development should include discussion of underlying theoretical principles.