Tunable structural, optical and bioactive properties of magnesium and bismuth co-doping on bioactive glass nanoparticles for biomedical applications

The current study focused to synthesize magnesium (Mg²⁺) and bismuth (Bi³⁺) co-doped bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles (NPs) at ambient conditions. XPS studies confirmed the existence of Mg²⁺ as MgO and Bi³⁺ as Bi₂O₃ in co-doped BG NPs. XRD reported an increase in mean crystallite size from 0.1 ± 0.01 nm to 0.25 ± 0.04 nm with 0.5 to 1.5 mol% increase in Bi₂O₃ content. TGA revealed co-doping of Mg²⁺ and Bi³⁺ to BG NPs increased their thermal stability by 20 to 30 w/w% in comparison to the control. FTIR and NMR studies depicted open SiO₂ network in co-doped BG NPs. HR-TEM evidenced co-doped BG NPs were of ~ 50 nm. The optical transmittance showed strong emission peak at 480 nm for co-doped BG NPs with decreased intensity with increasing Bi³⁺ ion concentration. In-vitro bioactivity, hemolysis and MTT assay revealed excellent bone binding ability, least toxicity and excellent biocompatibility.

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