The effects of health beliefs and acculturation on the acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among Asian Indian parents in the United States.

BACKGROUND The available limited literature and Centers for Disease Control data suggest that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination acceptance is lower among Asian Indians than the general population in the United States. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of health beliefs, subjective norms, acculturation, and demographics on HPV vaccination acceptance among Asian Indian parents. METHODOLOGY Using a comparative descriptive cross-sectional study design, immigrant and first-generation Asian Indian parents of 9- to 16-year-old children were recruited (N = 171). The survey comprised the Health Belief and Subjective Norms instrument and the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale. The analysis included parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS Participants who expressed higher levels of perceived barriers were less likely to accept HPV vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, p = .016). Spousal opinion negatively correlated with HPV vaccination acceptance (OR = 0.57, p = .006). However, subjective norms positively predicted HPV vaccination acceptance (OR = 1.69, p = .039). Participants who perceived that friends and family approved of the vaccination also had significantly higher rates of vaccination acceptance (OR = 11.99, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS The results revealed unique factors in the acceptance of HPV vaccination in Asian Indians that were not examined or understood before. The applied Health Beliefs and Subjective Norms theoretical framework suggested that perceived barriers, subjective norms, and the opinions of spouses, friends, and family predicted HPV vaccination acceptance. IMPLICATIONS Educational interventions targeting providers, spouses, family, and community members with influential effects on parents may positively affect HPV vaccination acceptance. Providers should note that this population welcomes the provider's recommendations.