Analysis of flow and heat transfer characteristics of ethylene glycol-based magnetite nanoparticles squeezed between parallel disks with magnetic effect

This study aims to theoretically analyse the flow and heat transfer characteristics of ethylene glycol (\(\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{6}\text{O}_{4}\))-based nanofluid containing magnetite (\(\text{Fe}_{3}\text{O}_{4}\)) nanoparticles squeezed between two parallel disks with magnetic effect. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by employing a set of suitable similarity transformations. Further, by adopting the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), an approximate solution to the considered model is obtained. The solutions are compared with the classical finite difference method (FDM) and are in good agreement. The current study mainly emphasizes the analysis of velocity profile, skin friction coefficient, temperature distribution curve, and Nusselt number for different pertinent parameters. The findings in this study highlight the role of applied magnetic field in modifying the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the nanofluid, notably showing that an increase in the concentration of magnetite nanoparticles correlates with higher skin friction at the disk surfaces and enhances the Nusselt number, reflecting improved heat transfer performance. This underscores the potential of magnetite-enhanced nanofluids in enhancing the efficiency of thermal systems.