首次对罗马尼亚多瑙河的微塑料和中微塑料迁移进行时空研究

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00969-8
Ionut Procop, Madalina Calmuc, Sebastian Pessenlehner, Cristina Trifu, Alina Cantaragiu Ceoromila, Valentina Andreea Calmuc, Catalin Fetecău, Catalina Iticescu, Viorica Musat, Marcel Liedermann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景微塑料(MiPs)在水生环境中的迁移、积累和降解是研究人员和政策制定者非常关注的一个问题,因为微塑料会通过食物摄入对生物群和人类健康造成有害影响。尽管全世界都有一致的调查和研究数据,但由于在取样方法、分析和结果报告方面需要更多的规定,因此对结果进行比较仍然具有挑战性。欧洲的监管工作包括对多瑙河西部流域的 MiPs 迁移进行研究,研究采用了基于活动网的悬浮沉积物多点采样方法,并提出了标准化建议。在此背景下,本研究旨在首次研究多瑙河罗马尼亚段的 MiPs 迁移情况,即从进入该国(Moldova Veche)之后到多瑙河三角洲(Isaccea)形成之前的情况。结果在 2022 年春季至 2023 年春季的广泛时空研究期间,多点网采样程序有助于收集水柱深度为 0.0-0.6 米和 3.0-3.6 米的悬浮沉积物以及河床附近的沉积物(2022 年秋季采样)。利用 2021 年的水流数据,根据采集和处理的 135 个样本,估算出摩尔多瓦韦切河的中 微塑料和总(微-中-微塑料)多孔塑料年最大迁移量分别为 46-51 吨/年和 93-100 吨/年。聚乙烯(58-69%)和聚丙烯(21-33%)是中微塑料(< 5 毫米)的分离碎片、薄片、微纤维和不同颜色球体以及中微塑料(5-100 毫米)的薄片和纤维中的主要聚合物成分。高级研究强调了塑料碎片在微米和纳米尺度上的各种微结构降解,以及附着的矿物质(粘土)和重金属。在多瑙河三角洲入口前测得的数值比摩尔多瓦韦切河的数值低 4-5 倍。应继续开展调查,包括洪水事件,并在所有活动中将采样点扩大到更深的水柱层,以进一步验证结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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The first spatio-temporal study of the microplastics and meso–macroplastics transport in the Romanian Danube

Background

Transport, accumulation, and degradation of microplastics (MiPs) in the aquatic environment represent a significant concern to the researchers and policy-makers, due to the detrimental impact on biota and human health through food ingestion. Although consistent investigations and research data are available worldwide, comparing the results is still challenging due to the need for more regulations regarding the sampling methods, analysis, and results reporting. The European regulatory efforts include studies on the MiPs transport in the western basin of the Danube River developed with active nets-based multipoint sampling methods from suspended sediments and proposed for standardization. In this context, the present study aimed to address for the first time the transport of MiPs in the Romanian sector of the Danube, starting after entering the country (Moldova Veche) and before the formation of the Danube Delta (Isaccea).

Results

The multipoint nets sampling procedure facilitated the collection of suspended sediments in the water columns as deep as 0.0–0.6 and 3.0–3.6 m depths and near riverbed sediments (autumn 2022 sampling) during an extensive spatio-temporal study from spring 2022 until spring 2023. The estimate of the maximum annual transport of 46–51 and 93–100 t·y−1 for MiPs and total (micro–meso–macroplastics) MPs at Moldova Veche was based on 135 collected and processed samples using 2021 water flow data. Polyethylene (58–69%) and polypropylene (21–33%) were the main polymer components in the separated fragments, foils, microfibers, and different colors spheroids of MiPs ( < 5 mm), and the foils and fibers of meso–macroplastics (5–100 mm). Advanced investigations highlighted various microstructural degradations of the plastic fragments at the micro- and nanoscale and attached minerals (clays) and heavy metals.

Conclusion

This paper presents the first comprehensive data set for microplastic annual transport in the "Low Danube", filling the need for a complete transport assessment in one of the most significant European rivers. 4–5 times lower values were measured before the entrance to the Danube Delta than those from Moldova Veche. The investigations should continue, including flooding events, and the sampling points should be expanded to deeper water column layers during all the campaigns for further validation.

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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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