开发一种新的试验设计,以研究土壤中农药在日照条件下的降解情况

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00974-x
Jan Hassink, Jochen Buda, Sebastian Multsch, Svenja Nellen, Sabine Noe, Tanja Schmidt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如果母体分子对紫外线吸收敏感,施用到土壤表面的农药就会发生光降解。因此,光降解研究是植物保护产品注册的必备条件,以提供有关降解率和所形成光产物性质的数据。一般来说,在这些研究中使用氙灯(如 Suntest® 设备)模拟阳光。在很薄的土层上进行表面施用,然后直接照射是常见的做法,但如何控制边界条件(即土壤温度和湿度)以保持土壤的结构和活力是一项挑战。要将辐照土壤样本的测试项目降解数据与暗对照以及有氧土壤新陈代谢研究的结果进行比较,均匀稳定的土壤小气候至关重要。在以对紫外线敏感的除草剂咪草烟作为对比试验品尝试了不同的放大试验系统后,开发出了一种新的土壤光解试验系统,该系统可在实验室中进行管理,并能对边界条件(尤其是土壤湿度和温度)进行更有利的管理。为此,阿特拉斯-阿美特克公司(德国)安装了太阳能模拟器 SolarConstant® 1200,配备了金属卤化物灯 Radium HRI-TS 1000W/D/S/PRO,安装在一个温度可控的步入式培养室中,该培养室配有铝架和反射器,可最大限度地减少漫射光,并保持照射土壤内 22(±1)℃ 的均匀温度。硼硅酸盐玻璃容器的内径为 10 厘米,最大高度为 9 厘米,由石英玻璃覆盖,用于在光照下培养施用的土壤。与使用 Suntest® 测试系统获得的咪鲜胺降解半衰期相反,与黑暗对照组相比,光照下的降解速度异常缓慢,而新的 SolarConstant® 研究设计的结果显示,光照下的降解速度比预期的要快。因此,可以得出结论,新测试系统的实验边界条件更适合保持辐照土壤的可行性。由于无需调整土壤含水量,与在 Suntest® 下培养的薄土层每天调整含水量相比,消除了干燥-湿润循环,保持了微生物诱导的土壤过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Development of a new test design to investigate the degradation of pesticides in soil under sunlight conditions

Pesticides applied to soil surface are subject to photodegradation if the parent molecule is sensitive to UV-light absorption. Photodegradation studies are therefore mandatory for the registration of plant protection products to provide data on the degradation rate and on the nature of photoproducts formed. In general, sunlight is simulated in these studies with xenon lamps, e.g., a Suntest® device. Surface application on very thin soil layers followed by direct irradiation is common practice, but the control of the boundary conditions, i.e. soil temperature and moisture, to maintain the structure and viability of the soil is challenging. A homogeneous and stable soil microclimate is crucial to compare the degradation data of the test item from the irradiated soil samples to the dark controls as well as to the results from the aerobic soil metabolism study. After trying different scale-up test systems with the UV-sensitive herbicide imazamox as comparative test item, a new soil photolysis test system was developed which is manageable in the laboratory and enables a more favorable management of the boundary conditions, especially with regard to the soil moisture and temperature. For this, the solar simulator SolarConstant® 1200, equipped with metal halide lamps Radium HRI-TS 1000W/D/S/PRO, was installed by Atlas Ametek (Germany) in a temperature controllable walk-in incubation chamber with aluminum racks and reflectors to minimize diffuse light and to maintain a homogenous temperature of 22(± 1)°C within the irradiated soil. Borosilicate glass vessels with an inner diameter of 10 cm and a maximum height of 9 cm, covered by quartz glass, were used for the incubation of the applied soil under light. Contrary to the imazamox degradation half-lives obtained with the Suntest® test system, where an unusual slower degradation was observed under light compared to the dark controls, the results from the new SolarConstant® study design showed the expected faster degradation under light. Hence, it can be concluded that the experimental boundary conditions of the new test system are more suitable to maintain the viablity of the irradiated soil. Since no adjustments of the soil water content were needed, compared to daily water adjustments for thin soil layers incubated under a Suntest®, drying–wetting cycles are eliminated and microbial-induced soil processes are maintained.

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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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