Rapid precipitation of vanadium from solution using melamine as precipitant with high efficiency

BACKGROUND

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) can effectively remove NO_x from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant. As the core of SCR technology, the catalyst has a limited lifespan. The process of reducing acid leaching and roasting water leaching can efficiently extract vanadium and tungsten from spent SCR catalyst. For vanadium recovery in solution, the traditional vanadium precipitation process by NH₄Cl has the disadvantages of consuming high precipitant dosage and producing large amounts of waste water.

RESULTS

This study focused on the vanadium precipitation process using a solution containing vanadium obtained from adopting some steps to handle the spent SCR catalyst. First, melamine was screened out as the vanadium precipitant. Then, the vanadium precipitation conditions were optimized as follows: solution pH value of 1.0, n(C₃H₆N₆)/n(V) = 0.8, 110 °C and 30 min. Under the best precipitation conditions, the vanadium precipitation efficiency of melamine can reach 99.32%. Finally, the mechanisms of vanadium precipitation by NH₄Cl and melamine were discussed, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The results showed that the vanadium precipitation process by NH₄Cl followed the chemical reactions between NH₄⁺ and vanadium ions, while the vanadium precipitation process by melamine followed the redox and complexation reactions which essentially belonged to the types of chemical adsorption. The vanadium precipitation product was roasted at 550 °C for 2 h to obtain the vanadium product. The main component of the vanadium product was V₂O₅, with a purity of 93.27 wt%. The total recovery efficiency of vanadium from spent SCR catalyst was 78.24%. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).