有共同供应商的均衡垂直结构

Kangsik Choi, Sangheon Han, DongJoon Lee
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摘要

我们考虑了一个纵向关联市场,在这个市场中,每家下游企业都通过组装由共同供应商生产的一种关键投入品和由专门的上游企业生产的另一种投入品来生产差异化产品。一方面,纵向一体化的优点是促使共同供应商制定较低的投入品价格,但缺点是削弱了下游企业在下游市场的竞争力。另一方面,纵向分离的优点是提高下游企业在下游市场的竞争力,缺点是诱使共同供应商制定更高的投入价格。与以往的研究结果相反,我们发现共同供应商的存在会导致库诺竞争下的纵向一体化,而当共同供应商采取投入歧视时,纵向一体化会成为一种独特的均衡。虽然纵向一体化对单个企业更有利,但却降低了总福利。即使共同供应商采用统一的投入定价,纵向一体化也会出现均衡。
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Equilibrium vertical structure with a common supplier
We consider a vertically related market, in which each downstream firm produces a differentiated product by assembling a key input produced by a common supplier and another input produced by a dedicated upstream firm. On the one hand, vertical integration has the advantage of inducing the common supplier to set a lower input price, but the disadvantage of reducing downstream firms' competitiveness in the downstream market. On the other hand, vertical separation has the advantage of increasing downstream firms' competitiveness in the downstream market but the disadvantage of inducing the common supplier to set a higher input price. Contrary to results of previous studies, we find that the existence of a common supplier can lead to vertical integration under Cournot competition, which emerges as a unique equilibrium when a common supplier adopts input discrimination. Although vertical integration is better for the individual firms, it reduces the total welfare. Even when the common supplier uses uniform input pricing, vertical integration also emerges in equilibrium.
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