双网启发的机械超材料

James Utama Surjadi, Bastien F. G. Aymon, Molly Carton, Carlos M. Portela
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引用次数: 0

摘要

机械超材料以其在低密度下实现高刚度和高强度的能力而闻名于世,但其代价往往是低延展性和拉伸性--这是材料领域长期存在的权衡问题。与此相反,双网络水凝胶等材料具有相互渗透的顺应性和刚性聚合物网络,展现出前所未有的高刚性和高拉伸性组合,从而产生卓越的韧性。在这里,我们通过将单片桁架(刚性)和编织(顺应性)组件集成到超材料结构中,展示了受双网络启发(DNI)的超材料,与纯编织和桁架组件相比,其刚性和拉伸性分别提高了十倍。非线性计算力学模型阐明,这些 DNI 超材料中能量耗散的增强源于两个网络之间的缠结导致摩擦耗散的增加。通过引入通常会降低机械性能的内部缺陷,我们证明了一种相反的效果,即通过失效定位,这些超材料的能量耗散增加了三倍。这项工作为在聚合物网络结构的启发下开发新类型的高顺应性超材料开辟了道路。
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Double-network-inspired mechanical metamaterials
Mechanical metamaterials are renowned for their ability to achieve high stiffness and strength at low densities, often at the expense of low ductility and stretchability-a persistent trade-off in materials. In contrast, materials such as double-network hydrogels feature interpenetrating compliant and stiff polymer networks, and exhibit unprecedented combinations of high stiffness and stretchability, resulting in exceptional toughness. Here, we present double-network-inspired (DNI) metamaterials by integrating monolithic truss (stiff) and woven (compliant) components into a metamaterial architecture, which achieve a tenfold increase in stiffness and stretchability compared to their pure woven and truss counterparts, respectively. Nonlinear computational mechanics models elucidate that enhanced energy dissipation in these DNI metamaterials stems from increased frictional dissipation due to entanglements between the two networks. Through introduction of internal defects, which typically degrade mechanical properties, we demonstrate an opposite effect of a threefold increase in energy dissipation for these metamaterials via failure delocalization. This work opens avenues for developing new classes of metamaterials in a high-compliance regime inspired by polymer network topologies.
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