感知推理可纠正阅读中的功能词错误:未注意到的错误不会干扰眼球运动

IF 3 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2024.101691
Adrian Staub, Harper McMurray, Anthony Wickett
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引用次数: 0

摘要

日常经验和实验室研究都表明,读者往往注意不到诸如功能词遗漏或重复等错误。这种现象对阅读和句子处理模型的核心原则提出了挑战,根据这些原则,每个单词都要经过词法处理并逐步整合到句法表征中。有一种解决方案认为,明显未注意到此类错误反映了后感知推理;读者最初确实感知到了错误,但随后会无意识地 "纠正 "感知到的字符串。这种感知后推理预测,当读者没有明确注意到错误时,错误仍会干扰阅读,至少是短暂的干扰。我们进行了一项大规模的眼动跟踪实验,研究当读者未能注意到自然句子中遗漏或重复的双字母功能词时,眼动记录是否会检测到阅读中断。有 36% 以上的时间,读者没有注意到遗漏和重复错误。在包括所有试验的分析中,与阅读语法对照句子相比,遗漏和重复都会导致明显的眼动干扰。但是,在仅包括读者没有注意到错误的试验的分析中,这两种错误在任何测量中都没有干扰眼动。事实上,有证据表明,在漏读错误的试验中,阅读速度相对较快。由此看来,当读者没有有意识地注意到错误时,并不是一开始就能感知到错误,然后再加以纠正;而是语言知识影响了读者的感知。
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Perceptual inference corrects function word errors in reading: Errors that are not noticed do not disrupt eye movements

Both everyday experience and laboratory research demonstrate that readers often fail to notice errors such as an omitted or repeated function word. This phenomenon challenges central tenets of reading and sentence processing models, according to which each word is lexically processed and incrementally integrated into a syntactic representation. One solution would propose that apparent failure to notice such errors reflects post-perceptual inference; the reader does initially perceive the error, but then unconsciously ’corrects’ the perceived string. Such a post-perceptual account predicts that when readers fail to explicitly notice an error, the error will nevertheless disrupt reading, at least fleetingly. We present a large-scale eyetracking experiment investigating whether disruption is detectable in the eye movement record when readers fail to notice an omitted or repeated two-letter function word in naturalistic sentences. Readers failed to notice both omission and repetition errors over 36% of the time. In an analysis that included all trials, both omission and repetition resulted in pronounced eye movement disruption, compared to reading of grammatical control sentences. But in an analysis including only trials on which readers failed to notice the errors, neither type of error disrupted eye movements on any measure. Indeed, there was evidence in some measures that reading was relatively fast on the trials on which errors were missed. It does not appear that when an error is not consciously noticed, it is initially perceived, and then later corrected; rather, linguistic knowledge influences what the reader perceives.

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来源期刊
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology 医学-心理学
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
29
审稿时长
50 days
期刊介绍: Cognitive Psychology is concerned with advances in the study of attention, memory, language processing, perception, problem solving, and thinking. Cognitive Psychology specializes in extensive articles that have a major impact on cognitive theory and provide new theoretical advances. Research Areas include: • Artificial intelligence • Developmental psychology • Linguistics • Neurophysiology • Social psychology.
期刊最新文献
Editorial Board Building compressed causal models of the world Doing things efficiently: Testing an account of why simple explanations are satisfying Perceptual inference corrects function word errors in reading: Errors that are not noticed do not disrupt eye movements Editorial Board
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