含钙华岩断层地震动力削弱过程中的机械能耗散

IF 3.9 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1029/2024JB028927
Stefano Aretusini, Arantzazu Nuñez Cascajero, Chiara Cornelio, Xabier Barrero Echevarria, Elena Spagnuolo, Alberto Tapetado, Carmen Vazquez, Giulio Di Toro, Massimo Cocco
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摘要

地震是一种摩擦不稳定现象,由断层的剪应力随滑移量和滑移率的减小(即动态削弱)引起。在动态削弱过程中,根据地震破裂过程的构成规律,剪应力取决于滑移、滑移速率和温度。在实验室中,摩擦不稳定性过程中温度测量的技术限制阻碍了剪应力演变的研究和解释。在此,我们在含方解石的模拟断层上进行了高速摩擦实验,包括裸岩和凿岩样本,法向应力为 20-30 兆帕,滑移速率为 1-6 米/秒,总滑移量为 1-20 米。通过采用箱车和正则化 Yoffe 滑移率函数,再现了地震滑移脉冲。我们采用创新的双色光纤测温仪测量了断层上的温度变化以及剪应力、滑移和滑移率。对模型温度和实测温度进行比较后发现,对于含方解石断层,脱碳反应引起的散热控制着温度的变化。在裸岩中,能量以摩擦热的形式耗散,温度升高由方解石脱碳反应的散热装置缓冲。在沟槽中,能量以摩擦热的形式散失,塑性变形过程中的能量则由机械化学效应增强的脱碳反应产生的散热所平衡。我们的研究结果表明,在大陆地壳浅层地震源的常见断层带材料--含方解石岩石中,断层材料的类型(裸岩与沟槽)控制着地震滑动过程中的能量耗散。
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Mechanical Energy Dissipation During Seismic Dynamic Weakening in Calcite-Bearing Faults

Earthquakes are frictional instabilities caused by the shear stress decrease, that is, dynamic weakening, of faults with slip and slip rate. During dynamic weakening, shear stress depends on slip, slip rate, and temperature, according to constitutive laws governing the earthquake rupture process. In the laboratory, technical limitations in measuring temperature during frictional instabilities inhibit the investigation and interpretation of shear stress evolution. Here we conduct high velocity friction experiments on calcite-bearing simulated faults, both on bare-rock and on gouge samples, at 20–30 MPa normal stress, 1–6 m/s slip rate and 1–20 m total slip. Seismic slip pulses are reproduced by imposing boxcar and regularized Yoffe slip rate functions. We measured, together with shear stress, slip, and slip rate, the temperature evolution on the fault by employing an innovative two-color fiber optic pyrometer. The comparison between modeled and measured temperature reveals that for calcite-bearing faults the heat sink caused by decarbonation reaction controls the temperature evolution. In bare-rocks, energy is dissipated as frictional heat, and temperature increase is buffered by the heat sink of the calcite decarbonation reaction. In gouges, energy is dissipated as frictional heat and for plastic deformation processes, balanced by the heat sink caused by the decarbonation reaction enhanced by the mechanochemical effect. Our results suggest that in calcite-bearing rocks, a common fault zone material for earthquake sources in the continental crust at shallow depth, the type of fault materials (bare-rocks vs. gouges) controls the energy dissipation during seismic slip.

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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
15.40%
发文量
559
期刊介绍: The Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth serves as the premier publication for the breadth of solid Earth geophysics including (in alphabetical order): electromagnetic methods; exploration geophysics; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics, rheology, and plate kinematics; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; hydrogeophysics; Instruments, techniques, and models; solid Earth interactions with the cryosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and climate; marine geology and geophysics; natural and anthropogenic hazards; near surface geophysics; petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy; planet Earth physics and chemistry; rock mechanics and deformation; seismology; tectonophysics; and volcanology. JGR: Solid Earth has long distinguished itself as the venue for publication of Research Articles backed solidly by data and as well as presenting theoretical and numerical developments with broad applications. Research Articles published in JGR: Solid Earth have had long-term impacts in their fields. JGR: Solid Earth provides a venue for special issues and special themes based on conferences, workshops, and community initiatives. JGR: Solid Earth also publishes Commentaries on research and emerging trends in the field; these are commissioned by the editors, and suggestion are welcome.
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