Surface plasmon polariton excitation and propagation in metal tripod systems

Through the activation of a planar gaseous medium consisting of four-level tripod atoms, our approach provides a mechanism to generate the Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP). We investigate a three-layer structure in which the bottom layer is composed of atoms arranged in a tripod configuration, a metal film is layered in the middle, and a transparent layer of either air or vacuum resides on top. The bottom layer facilitates SPP excitation via amplification in the atom arrangement, caused by three laser beams: control, weak probe, and signal. The electromagnetically induced transparency effect, which can be seen in atoms, compensates for the momentum difference between light and SPP. We can coherently change SPP propagation length by altering control field strength, resonance, and off-resonant detuning. SPP optical gain power, propagation length, penetration depth, and metal thickness effects are also examined. Our method to generate SPPs may find use in lithography, sensors, polarizers, along with photodetectors.