{"title":"利用原位透射电子显微镜揭示纳米冶金学:纳米铜线案例研究","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102485","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Technological advances constantly set new challenges for materials development. The miniaturisation of electronic devices demands the migration of metallurgy from macro/micro to the nanoscale, thus requiring a re-definition of existing and classical concepts in this field. The present study reports on the behaviour of pure Cu nanowires with diameters ranging from 40 to 140 nm heated in a low-pressure environment within a transmission electron microscope. The response of Cu nanowires was investigated at different temperatures up to 1123 K and analysed using electron-microscopy techniques, revealing both volumetric and shape changes over time. Sublimation, with a steady-state length reduction of the nanowires, was identified as the dominant effect of such heating. Additionally, it was detected that sublimation occurred not only at temperatures above ≈ 1023 K, where Cu has a higher vapour pressure than the column pressure of the electron-microscope, but also at temperatures as low as 923 K. This behaviour is explained by the presence of active regions at sharply curved regions at the nanowire tip and the imbalance of evaporation and redeposition rates of Cu atoms due to the experimentally-induced loss of vapor atoms. The study of Cu nanowires at the nanoscale with the electron microscope facilitates the elucidation of some fundamental aspects of the emerging science of nanometallurgy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748013224003414/pdfft?md5=b09f94ef5aedfbdb7ae8d45362740f79&pid=1-s2.0-S1748013224003414-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Unravelling nanometallurgy with in situ transmission electron microscopy: A case-study with copper nanowires\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102485\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Technological advances constantly set new challenges for materials development. The miniaturisation of electronic devices demands the migration of metallurgy from macro/micro to the nanoscale, thus requiring a re-definition of existing and classical concepts in this field. The present study reports on the behaviour of pure Cu nanowires with diameters ranging from 40 to 140 nm heated in a low-pressure environment within a transmission electron microscope. The response of Cu nanowires was investigated at different temperatures up to 1123 K and analysed using electron-microscopy techniques, revealing both volumetric and shape changes over time. Sublimation, with a steady-state length reduction of the nanowires, was identified as the dominant effect of such heating. Additionally, it was detected that sublimation occurred not only at temperatures above ≈ 1023 K, where Cu has a higher vapour pressure than the column pressure of the electron-microscope, but also at temperatures as low as 923 K. This behaviour is explained by the presence of active regions at sharply curved regions at the nanowire tip and the imbalance of evaporation and redeposition rates of Cu atoms due to the experimentally-induced loss of vapor atoms. The study of Cu nanowires at the nanoscale with the electron microscope facilitates the elucidation of some fundamental aspects of the emerging science of nanometallurgy.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":395,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nano Today\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":13.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748013224003414/pdfft?md5=b09f94ef5aedfbdb7ae8d45362740f79&pid=1-s2.0-S1748013224003414-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nano Today\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748013224003414\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nano Today","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748013224003414","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
技术进步不断为材料开发带来新的挑战。电子设备的微型化要求冶金学从宏观/微观尺度迁移到纳米尺度,因此需要重新定义该领域现有的经典概念。本研究报告了在透射电子显微镜中,在低压环境下加热直径在 40 纳米到 140 纳米之间的纯铜纳米线的行为。研究人员在最高 1123 K 的不同温度下对铜纳米线的反应进行了研究,并使用电子显微镜技术对其进行了分析,结果表明,随着时间的推移,铜纳米线的体积和形状都会发生变化。升华和纳米线长度的稳定减少被认为是这种加热的主要影响。此外,研究还发现,升华不仅发生在温度高于 ≈ 1023 K(此时铜的蒸汽压力高于电子显微镜的柱压)的情况下,还发生在温度低至 923 K 的情况下。这种现象的原因是纳米线尖端的急剧弯曲区域存在活性区,以及由于实验引起的蒸汽原子损耗导致的铜原子蒸发和再沉积速率不平衡。用电子显微镜研究纳米尺度的铜纳米线有助于阐明新兴纳米冶金科学的一些基本方面。
Unravelling nanometallurgy with in situ transmission electron microscopy: A case-study with copper nanowires
Technological advances constantly set new challenges for materials development. The miniaturisation of electronic devices demands the migration of metallurgy from macro/micro to the nanoscale, thus requiring a re-definition of existing and classical concepts in this field. The present study reports on the behaviour of pure Cu nanowires with diameters ranging from 40 to 140 nm heated in a low-pressure environment within a transmission electron microscope. The response of Cu nanowires was investigated at different temperatures up to 1123 K and analysed using electron-microscopy techniques, revealing both volumetric and shape changes over time. Sublimation, with a steady-state length reduction of the nanowires, was identified as the dominant effect of such heating. Additionally, it was detected that sublimation occurred not only at temperatures above ≈ 1023 K, where Cu has a higher vapour pressure than the column pressure of the electron-microscope, but also at temperatures as low as 923 K. This behaviour is explained by the presence of active regions at sharply curved regions at the nanowire tip and the imbalance of evaporation and redeposition rates of Cu atoms due to the experimentally-induced loss of vapor atoms. The study of Cu nanowires at the nanoscale with the electron microscope facilitates the elucidation of some fundamental aspects of the emerging science of nanometallurgy.
期刊介绍:
Nano Today is a journal dedicated to publishing influential and innovative work in the field of nanoscience and technology. It covers a wide range of subject areas including biomaterials, materials chemistry, materials science, chemistry, bioengineering, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, engineering, and nanotechnology. The journal considers articles that inform readers about the latest research, breakthroughs, and topical issues in these fields. It provides comprehensive coverage through a mixture of peer-reviewed articles, research news, and information on key developments. Nano Today is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index, Ei Compendex, Embase, Scopus, and INSPEC.