IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102996

Jiarong Li , Yonghui Li , Zhen Wan , Hongyang Li , Haitao Dai , Changlong Liu , Xiaoyu Mu , Xiao-Dong Zhang

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) as a pivotal coenzyme plays a central role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. However, both natural and artificial NADH oxidase (NOX) systems exhibit limited efficacy in NAD⁺ regeneration. Here, we developed a RuCo heterogeneous dual atom metallozymes (DAMs) with over-natural NOX activity through spin-mediated and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Under simulated inflammatory microenvironment, DAMs exhibited a catalytic efficiency (K_cat/K_m) of 0.99 μM⁻¹min⁻¹, surpassing reported artificial enzymes by ∼9–99 times. Additionally, its quantitative NOX activity reached 2139 U/mg, about 6–18 times that of common microbial enzymes. The experimental and computational studies revealed that Co not only modulated the spin state of Ru from low-spin to middle-spin, but also its electrophilic microenvironment facilitated oxygen adsorption to further modulate electronic behavior of Ru with high-spin. Thus, Ru-Co-O as high active sites preferred to trap electron and proton from NADH and acidic conditions via a PECT mechanism. In a skin injury model, DAMs alleviated inflammation and promoted skin regeneration by restoring the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, enhancing energy metabolism, and driving macrophage anti-inflammatory polarization. Notably, no relapse was observed within 20 days post-treatment, highlighting the long-lasting therapeutic impact of DAMs.

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+）作为一种关键辅酶在多种炎症性疾病的发病机制中起着核心作用。然而，天然和人工的NADH氧化酶（NOX）系统在NAD+再生方面都表现出有限的功效。在这里，我们通过自旋介导和质子耦合电子转移（PCET）开发了一种具有超天然NOX活性的RuCo异构双原子金属酶（DAMs）。在模拟炎症微环境下，dam的催化效率（Kcat/Km）为0.99 μM−1min−1，比报道的人工酶高出约9-99 倍。其定量NOX活性达到2139 U/mg，约为普通微生物酶的6-18 倍。实验和计算研究表明，Co不仅将Ru的自旋状态从低自旋调节到中自旋，而且其亲电微环境有利于氧的吸附，从而进一步调节Ru的高自旋电子行为。因此，Ru-Co-O作为高活性位点更倾向于通过PECT机制从NADH和酸性条件中捕获电子和质子。在皮肤损伤模型中，dam通过恢复NAD+/NADH比值，增强能量代谢，驱动巨噬细胞抗炎极化，减轻炎症，促进皮肤再生。值得注意的是，治疗后20天内未观察到复发，突出了dam的持久治疗效果。

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引用次数: 0

Fluorinated amphipathic cationic peptides for intracellular protein delivery and cancer immunotherapy 用于细胞内蛋白传递和癌症免疫治疗的氟化两性阳离子肽

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102979

Wenhua Cheng , Yan Lou , Yiyun Cheng , Xin Gao , Quan Huang

Cell penetrating peptides are widely developed as carriers to transport proteins inside cells, but there remain some drawbacks such as limited protein loading capacity and nanoparticle stability, endosomal escape and intracellular delivery efficacy. Herein, we design a family of fluorinated amphipathic cationic peptides (FACPs) to address these issues. A library of amphipathic cationic hexapeptides is conjugated with a fluorous tag at the C-terminus via a dynamic hydrazone bond. Among the investigated materials, FACP2 (peptide sequence: RRRWWW) demonstrates the optimal performance in protein binding, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and thus intracellular delivery efficacy. It efficiently delivers ovalbumin into bone marrow derived dendritic cells and stimulates their maturation, enhancing the antigen cross-presentation both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the FACP2/ovalbumin nanovaccine effectively inhibits the tumor growth in mice when combined with anti-PD1 therapy or co-delivered with the STING agonist 2′,3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate. This study provides a highly efficient peptide nanocarrier for cytosolic protein delivery and cancer immunotherapy through antigen and adjuvant co-delivery.

细胞穿透肽作为蛋白质在细胞内运输的载体被广泛开发，但仍存在一些缺陷，如蛋白质装载能力和纳米颗粒稳定性有限，内体逃逸和细胞内递送效率等。在这里，我们设计了一个氟化两亲阳离子肽（FACPs）家族来解决这些问题。两亲性阳离子六肽库通过动态腙键在c端与含氟标签偶联。在所研究的材料中，FACP2（肽序列：RRRWWW）在蛋白质结合、细胞摄取、内体逃逸以及细胞内递送方面表现最佳。它能有效地将卵清蛋白输送到骨髓来源的树突状细胞中并刺激其成熟，增强抗原在体外和体内的交叉呈递。因此，FACP2/卵清蛋白纳米疫苗与抗pd1治疗联合或与STING激动剂2 ',3 ' -环鸟苷单磷酸共递送时，可有效抑制小鼠肿瘤生长。本研究提供了一种高效的多肽纳米载体，通过抗原和佐剂的共同递送，用于细胞内蛋白的递送和癌症的免疫治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Targeted isolation of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles using peptide-imprinted nanocomposites for neurological diagnostics 利用肽印迹纳米复合材料靶向分离星形胶质细胞来源的细胞外囊泡用于神经诊断

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103001

Hyo Joo Lee , Yeonjeong Roh , Thuy Nguyen Thi Dao , Jin Hee Kim , Wangyong Shin , Dayoung Seo , Bonhan Koo , Eun-Jae Lee , Yong Shin

Neurological disorders require early detection, yet traditional diagnostic methods lack specificity and sensitivity. Blood-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a promising, non-invasive alternative for biomarker discovery in neurological disorders, despite challenges in cell-specific isolating them from brain related EVs due to their complexity and scarcity. However, the heterogeneity and low yield of EVs, common EVs isolation methods remain challenges, then the development of more efficient and accurate isolation approach. This study presents Engineering Peptide-Imprinted Nanocomposites (EPIN) as an innovative platform for isolating cell-specific EVs from biological matrices, overcoming the limitations of conventional methods. Utilizing magnetic nanoparticles, EPIN is developed with peptide template that bind specifically to EVs surface proteins, enhancing the capture efficiency. Targeting proteins CD63, CD9, and CD81, EPIN shows high specificity in isolating EVs, compared with current existing assays. In particular, EPIN-glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) effectively isolates astrocyte-derived EVs in blood, indicating significant promise for monitoring neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), where astrocytopathy is a key feature. The utility of EPIN-GLAST is demonstrated using 147 blood samples by integrating brain-derived proteins and miRNAs, establishing a platform for disease-specific monitoring. This approach extends beyond detecting astrocytic damage in NMOSD, representing a significant advancement in EV-based diagnostics. These findings underscore the capability of EPIN-GLAST in elucidating disease dynamics and emphasize the value of targeted EVs analysis in neurological disorder research, enabling novel biomarker discovery.

神经系统疾病需要早期发现，但传统的诊断方法缺乏特异性和敏感性。血液来源的细胞外囊泡（EVs）为神经系统疾病的生物标志物发现提供了一种有前途的、无创的替代方法，尽管由于其复杂性和稀缺性，从脑相关的EVs中分离出细胞特异性的EVs存在挑战。然而，由于电动汽车的异质性和产率低，常见的电动汽车分离方法仍然存在挑战，因此需要开发更高效、准确的分离方法。本研究提出了工程肽印迹纳米复合材料（EPIN）作为从生物基质中分离细胞特异性ev的创新平台，克服了传统方法的局限性。利用磁性纳米颗粒，利用肽模板特异性结合电动汽车表面蛋白，提高了捕获效率。与现有的检测方法相比，EPIN靶向CD63、CD9和CD81蛋白，在分离ev方面具有较高的特异性。特别是，epin -谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运蛋白（GLAST）可以有效地分离血液中星形胶质细胞来源的EVs，这表明在监测视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍（NMOSD）方面具有重要的前景，其中星形胶质细胞病变是一个关键特征。通过整合脑源性蛋白和mirna， 147份血液样本证明了EPIN-GLAST的实用性，建立了疾病特异性监测平台。这种方法超越了检测NMOSD中的星形细胞损伤，代表了基于ev的诊断的重大进步。这些发现强调了EPIN-GLAST在阐明疾病动力学方面的能力，并强调了靶向ev分析在神经系统疾病研究中的价值，使新的生物标志物的发现成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Carrier-free self-assembly of choline chloride-ammonium glycyrrhizinate hydrogel for myocardial infarction microenvironment regulation 无载体自组装氯化胆碱-甘草酸铵水凝胶对心肌梗死微环境的调节

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103014

Yi Hu , Wenhui Yang , Jiamian Zhan , Yue Ma , Pengqi Wang , Chunyi Pu , Linfang Zhong , Xiaozhong Qiu , Honghao Hou

Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced persistent disruption of the myocardial microenvironment is one of the key mechanisms driving the onset of heart failure. Precise modulation of this pathological microenvironment in vitro has emerged as an important strategy to improve MI prognosis and delay heart failure progression. In this study, we constructed carrier‑free choline chloride (ChCl)–ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG) self‑assembled hydrogels. Initially, network pharmacology combined with big data analysis was employed to predict the synergistic therapeutic effects of ChCl and AG. Subsequently, multi‑scale characterisation techniques, including FT-IR, SEM, and rheology, were used to analyse the structural features of the gel system. Molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations indicated that hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen‑bond interactions jointly drive self‑assembly, and Cryo‑SEM revealed for the first time a near‑native interpenetrating sheet‑like fibrous network. In an in vitro MI model, the ChCl-AG self-assembled hydrogel reduced oxidative stress, shifted macrophages from pro‑inflammatory M1 to reparative M2, increased endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, and downregulated pro‑inflammatory cytokines, thereby preserving microenvironmental homeostasis and providing cardioprotection. Transcriptomics indicated positive regulation of pathways linked to cardiac structure, contractility, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular disease. In vivo MI models, the ChCl-AG self-assembled hydrogel markedly promoted myocardial repair and functional recovery while exhibiting good biocompatibility and sustained release. Overall, the carrier‑free ChCl-AG self-assembled hydrogel provides a precise strategy to modulate post‑MI inflammatory and oxidative imbalances, promote myocardial repair, and holds broader biomedical potential.

心肌梗死（MI）引起的心肌微环境的持续破坏是驱动心力衰竭发病的关键机制之一。在体外精确调节这种病理微环境已成为改善心肌梗死预后和延缓心力衰竭进展的重要策略。在这项研究中，我们构建了无载体氯化胆碱(ChCl) -甘草酸铵（AG）自组装水凝胶。初步采用网络药理学结合大数据分析预测ChCl和AG的协同治疗效果。随后，多尺度表征技术，包括FT-IR， SEM和流变学，被用来分析凝胶体系的结构特征。分子动力学和量子化学计算表明，疏水、静电和氢键相互作用共同驱动了自组装，并且低温扫描电镜首次揭示了近原生互穿片状纤维网络。在体外心肌梗死模型中，ChCl-AG自组装水凝胶降低氧化应激，将巨噬细胞从促炎M1转移到修复性M2，增加内源性抗氧化酶活性，下调促炎细胞因子，从而保持微环境稳态并提供心脏保护。转录组学表明，与心脏结构、收缩性、能量代谢和心血管疾病相关的途径具有正向调节作用。在体内心肌梗死模型中，ChCl-AG自组装水凝胶显著促进心肌修复和功能恢复，同时具有良好的生物相容性和缓释性。总的来说，无载体的ChCl-AG自组装水凝胶提供了一种精确的策略来调节心肌梗死后的炎症和氧化失衡，促进心肌修复，并具有更广泛的生物医学潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular architectonics of semiconducting polymer dots for next-generation NIR-II fluorescence bioimaging 用于下一代NIR-II荧光生物成像的半导体聚合物点的分子结构

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103016

Nabil Omri, Vignesh Kumaravel

Next-generation semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) engineered through molecular architectonics are redefining NIR-II fluorescence bioimaging and precision theranostics. By integrating donor-acceptor engineering, π-conjugated backbone rigidification, and side-chain modulation, molecular architectonics enables precise bandgap tuning, exciton delocalization, and enhanced photochemical stability. Architectonic control across molecular, supramolecular, and interfacial levels yields Pdots with superior quantum yields, ultradeep tissue penetration, and negligible autofluorescence. This review elucidates the structure-function paradigms governing NIR-II emission and examines frontier strategies for photostability enhancement, including nanoscale confinement within hybrid matrices, intersystem energy dissipation modulation, and conformational locking. At the biointerface, rational surface architectonics, via dynamic ligand exchange, stealth polymer cloaking, and adaptive functionalization, prolongs circulation, minimizes opsonization, and facilitates targeted delivery. Integrating NIR-II fluorescence with photothermal, photodynamic, and image-guided drug delivery modalities, Pdots emerge as molecularly architected cores for multimodal theranostic systems synergized with photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. Despite rapid progress, biodegradability, long-term biosafety, and regulatory compatibility remain major challenges. Emerging architectonic solutions, bioresponsive degradation and hybridization with clinically approved carriers, are bridging molecular design and clinical translation, positioning NIR-II Pdots as key enablers of next-generation intelligent nanomedicine.

通过分子结构设计的下一代半导体聚合物点（Pdots）正在重新定义NIR-II荧光生物成像和精确治疗。通过整合供体-受体工程，π共轭骨架硬化和侧链调制，分子结构可以实现精确的带隙调谐，激子离域和增强的光化学稳定性。通过分子、超分子和界面水平的结构控制，产生具有优异量子产率、超深层组织穿透和可忽略的自身荧光的Pdots。这篇综述阐明了控制NIR-II发射的结构-功能范式，并探讨了增强NIR-II光稳定性的前沿策略，包括混合矩阵内的纳米级约束、系统间能量耗散调制和构象锁定。在生物界面上，合理的表面结构，通过动态配体交换、隐形聚合物遮蔽和自适应功能化，延长了循环，最小化了调理，并促进了靶向递送。Pdots将NIR-II荧光与光热、光动力和图像引导的药物传递方式相结合，成为与光声和磁共振成像协同作用的多模式治疗系统的分子结构核心。尽管进展迅速，但生物降解性、长期生物安全性和监管兼容性仍然是主要挑战。新兴的结构解决方案，生物反应降解和与临床批准的载体杂交，正在连接分子设计和临床翻译，将NIR-II Pdots定位为下一代智能纳米医学的关键推动者。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-activated pyroptosis using silk microneedle patch for cancer immunotherapy 丝质微针贴片在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103010

Ming Zhang , Yifan Li , Hongyu Tang , Mingxuan Li , Meifang Shen , Tiejun Bing , Yingjie Yu , Yushu Wang , Wenhao Hu

Cancer immunotherapy is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which restricts immune activation and limits therapeutic efficacy. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by Caspase-dependent gasdermin cleavage, has emerged as an effective strategy for remodeling the tumor microenvironment and promoting antitumor immunity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can activate the Caspase-3/GSDME pathway to induce pyroptosis, offering spatiotemporal control over immune activation. Among ROS-based approaches, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) provides key advantages, including deep tissue penetration, noninvasive ultrasound (US) activation, and efficient ROS generation. In this study, an ultrathin 2D Cu-TCPP nanosheet (CuT) is developed as a high-performance sonosensitizer, with enhanced oxygen interaction and electron transfer for amplified ROS generation under US irradiation. To improve intratumoral delivery and retention, CuT is further integrated into silk fibroin-based microneedles (CuT-MN) for localized, minimally invasive administration. This platform enables precise tumor targeting, sustained sonosensitizer enrichment, and on-demand pyroptosis induction, while minimizing off-target toxicity. Overall, the CuT-MN platform effectively and enhances antitumor immune responses, representing a promising approach for precision sonodynamic immunotherapy.

肿瘤免疫治疗受到肿瘤微环境免疫抑制的限制，限制了免疫激活，限制了治疗效果。焦亡是一种程序性细胞死亡的促炎形式，由caspase依赖性气皮蛋白裂解介导，已成为重塑肿瘤微环境和促进抗肿瘤免疫的有效策略。活性氧（Reactive oxygen species， ROS）可以激活Caspase-3/GSDME通路诱导细胞焦亡，从而对免疫激活提供时空控制。在基于ROS的方法中，声动力治疗（SDT）具有关键优势，包括深层组织穿透，无创超声（US）激活和有效的ROS生成。在这项研究中，超薄的二维Cu-TCPP纳米片（CuT）被开发成一种高性能的声敏剂，在美国辐射下，它具有增强的氧相互作用和电子转移，以扩增ROS的产生。为了改善肿瘤内的递送和保留，CuT进一步整合到基于丝素蛋白的微针（CuT- mn）中，用于局部，微创给药。该平台可以实现精确的肿瘤靶向，持续的声敏剂富集和按需焦亡诱导，同时最大限度地减少脱靶毒性。总的来说，CuT-MN平台有效地增强了抗肿瘤免疫反应，代表了一种有前途的精确声动力免疫治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the size and surface effects of spinel Co3O4 on the activity of oxygen evolution 揭示了尖晶石Co3O4的尺寸和表面对析氧活性的影响

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103004

Ce Zhao , Zhou Jiang , Bing Zhang , Zhangqiang Li , Xuanping Zhou , Liuyang Xiao , Wei Zhang , Yong Zhang

Size control is a facile and effective strategy to design high-performance electrocatalysts of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but remains challenging, due to the insufficient understanding of size-dependent catalytic activity of electrocatalysts like spinel cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄). Here, we report a top-down method to produce Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) and quantum dots (QDs) with sizes ranging from 27.5 nm to 2.8 nm, enabling a precise investigation of the size effect on OER activity. Our results show that while the OER performance increases with smaller size due to enhanced surface area, only the smallest Co₃O₄ QDs exhibit a significant improvement in intrinsic activity. Such QDs display notable size-reduction-induced lattice expansion along with increased Co−O bonding length, which can facilitate intermediate adsorption and contribute to their superior catalytic performance. Building on this enhanced intrinsic activity, we demonstrate that surface hydroxylation of Co₃O₄-OH QDs further enables an impressive overpotential of 293 mV at 10 mA cm_geo⁻² and remarkable stability over 240 h. Theoretical calculations reveal that size reduction and surface hydroxylation synergistically optimize the electronic structure, lowering the energy barrier for OER process. This work provides a practical strategy in designing efficient non-noble catalysts beyond conventional size limitations.

尺寸控制是设计高性能析氧反应（OER）电催化剂的一种简单有效的策略，但由于对尖晶石钴氧化物（Co3O4）等电催化剂的尺寸依赖性催化活性了解不足，因此仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们报告了一种自上而下的方法来生产尺寸从27.5 nm到2.8 nm的Co3O4纳米颗粒（NPs）和量子点（QDs），从而能够精确地研究尺寸对OER活性的影响。我们的研究结果表明，虽然由于表面积的增加，OER性能随着尺寸的减小而提高，但只有最小的Co3O4量子点的内在活性才有显著的提高。随着Co−O键长度的增加，这种量子点表现出明显的尺寸还原诱导的晶格膨胀，有利于中间吸附，并有助于其优越的催化性能。基于这种增强的内在活性，我们证明了Co3O4-OH量子点的表面羟基化进一步使其在10 mA cmgeo−2下的过电位达到293 mV，并且在240 h以上具有显著的稳定性。理论计算表明，尺寸减小和表面羟基化协同优化了电子结构，降低了OER过程的能垒。这项工作为设计超越常规尺寸限制的高效非贵金属催化剂提供了实用策略。

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引用次数: 0

ZnO nanoparticle-educated exosomes inhibit osteosarcoma metastasis through HIF-1α/miR-1287–5p/Snail axis ZnO纳米颗粒外泌体通过HIF-1α/ miR-1287-5p /蜗牛轴抑制骨肉瘤转移

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103008

Guangping He , Zhengyuan Huang , Yuru Zong , Yong Hai , Jiayu Zhang , Jun Chen , Hanqing Chen

Osteosarcoma (OS) remains the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Despite advances in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, metastasis and recurrence constitute major clinical challenges. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess promising anticancer activity, yet their anti‑metastatic mechanisms in OS remain unclear. Here, we reported a novel bio-inspired strategy using exosomes derived from ZnO NP‑treated OS cells (ZnO‑Exos), that significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion in OS cells. Mechanistically, ZnO-Exos-derived Zn^2 + ions activated and stabilized hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which transcriptionally upregulated the expression of exosomal miR-1287–5p, and then in turn directly targeted and downregulated the mRNA of Snail, a master transcriptional repressor driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In an orthotopic OS mouse model, intratumoral injection of ZnO-Exos significantly inhibited primary tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis, extended survival, and exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Collectively, this study elucidated a novel ZnO NP-educated exosomes that exert anti‑metastatic effects, offering a targeted, low‑toxicity strategy for OS therapy and metastasis inhibition through Zn²⁺/HIF-1α/miR-1287–5p/Snail axis.

骨肉瘤（OS）仍然是儿童和青少年最常见的原发性骨恶性肿瘤。尽管新辅助化疗取得了进展，但转移和复发是主要的临床挑战。氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）具有良好的抗癌活性，但其在肿瘤中的抗转移机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们报道了一种新的生物启发策略，使用来自ZnO NP处理的OS细胞（ZnO - Exos）的外泌体，可显著抑制OS细胞的活力，迁移和侵袭。在机制上，zno - exos衍生的Zn2 +离子激活并稳定了缺氧诱导因子-1α (HIF-1α)， HIF-1α通过转录上调外泌体miR-1287-5p的表达，进而直接靶向并下调了驱动上皮-间质转化（EMT）的主要转录抑制因子Snail的mRNA。在原位OS小鼠模型中，瘤内注射ZnO-Exos可显著抑制原发肿瘤生长和自发肺转移，延长生存期，并表现出良好的生物相容性。总的来说，本研究阐明了一种具有抗转移作用的新型ZnO np教育外泌体，通过Zn2+/HIF-1α/ miR-1287-5p /Snail轴为OS治疗和转移抑制提供了一种靶向的低毒性策略。

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引用次数: 0

Peptide-specific nanoprobes for matrix-free mass spectrometric imaging of multiplexed proteins and their distributions on cells or tissues 多肽特异性纳米探针用于多路蛋白及其在细胞或组织中的分布的无基质质谱成像

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103013

Jiahui Sun, Nan Feng, Si Zhang, Mengchen Wang, Huangxian Ju

In situ detection of multiplexed proteins is greatly constrained by targeted recognition and operational process. Here we design a one-pot method to synthesize several peptide-specific nanoprobes (NPs) for quickly recognizing the targeted protein molecules, and present a matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (LDI-MSI) strategy for simple in situ imaging of multiplexed proteins on cells or tissues with amplified signals. Unlike conventional citrate-synthesized and post-modified gold nanoparticles, the resulting NPs demonstrate their simple preparation, high resolution and low background with controllable matrix-free and ion-friendly properties. These NPs have been used to conveniently and sensitively detect the relative expression of three specific proteins on four cancer cell lines and efficiently evaluate the suppression of different drugs on these proteins. The proposed MSI method possesses powerful ability to distinctly distinguish different pathological regions of tumor tissues by the change of multiplexed protein distributions, indicating its excellent promise in clinical disease diagnosis and precision medicine.

多路蛋白的原位检测在很大程度上受到目标识别和操作过程的限制。在这里，我们设计了一种一锅法来合成几种肽特异性纳米探针（NPs），用于快速识别目标蛋白质分子，并提出了一种无基质激光解吸/电离质谱成像（LDI-MSI）策略，用于简单的原位成像细胞或组织上的多路蛋白质的放大信号。与传统的柠檬酸盐合成和修饰后的金纳米粒子不同，所得到的纳米粒子具有制备简单、分辨率高、低背景、无基质和离子友好性可控的特点。这些NPs已被用于方便、灵敏地检测四种癌细胞系上三种特定蛋白的相对表达，并有效地评估不同药物对这些蛋白的抑制作用。所提出的MSI方法通过改变多路蛋白的分布，能够明显区分肿瘤组织的不同病理区域，在临床疾病诊断和精准医疗中具有良好的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Molecularly imprinted nanoreactors: Bridging enzyme mimicry and synthetic catalysis 分子印迹纳米反应器：桥接酶模拟和合成催化

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103002

Ya Liu , Yuanyuan Cheng , Yi Hao , Xuemeng Tian , Yue Wang , Xueyi Liu , Ruixia Gao

Molecularly imprinted nanoreactors (MIRs) represent a pivotal advance in biomimetic catalysis, offering robust and tunable alternatives to natural enzymes, yet their rational design remains a central challenge due to persistent issues such as binding-site heterogeneity, mass-transfer constraints, and limited catalytic scope. We systematically elucidate the synergistic design principle that integrates precise active-site engineering—via coordination-driven anchoring, post-imprinting modification, and spatial encapsulation—with deliberate catalytic microenvironment programming, encompassing cofactor regulation, tandem catalysis, nanoconfinement, and electronic effects. This combined approach is essential for emulating enzymatic efficiency and selectivity. Furthermore, we contrast key synthetic strategies from a “nanoreactor engineering” perspective, critically analyzing the merits and constraints of spatial encapsulation and compartmentalized designs in mimicking enzymatic cascades. Beyond model reactions, the review provides a critical assessment of MIR performance in advanced applications, including the degradation of micropollutants in environmental matrices, precision biosensing in complex media, and chiral synthesis under sustainable conditions, while honestly addressing the translation gaps between idealized systems and real-world operational demands. Finally, we propose that the convergence of MIRs with single-atom catalysts, in situ/operando spectroscopy, and synthetic biology interfaces constitutes an emerging paradigm. This integration is poised to unlock unprecedented catalytic precision, stability, and programmability, steering MIRs from laboratory toward practical deployment in green chemistry, environmental technology, and programmable biomedicine.

分子印迹纳米反应器（MIRs）代表了仿生催化的关键进步，为天然酶提供了强大和可调的替代品，但由于结合位点异质性、传质限制和有限的催化范围等持续存在的问题，其合理设计仍然是一个核心挑战。我们系统地阐明了协同设计原则，将精确的活性位点工程（通过协调驱动的锚定、印迹后修饰和空间封装）与精心设计的催化微环境编程（包括辅因子调节、串联催化、纳米限制和电子效应）集成在一起。这种结合的方法对于模拟酶的效率和选择性是必不可少的。此外，我们从“纳米反应器工程”的角度对比了关键的合成策略，批判性地分析了空间封装和分区设计在模拟酶级联中的优点和限制。除了模型反应之外，该综述还对MIR在高级应用中的性能进行了关键评估，包括环境基质中微污染物的降解、复杂介质中的精密生物传感和可持续条件下的手性合成，同时诚恳地解决了理想系统与实际操作需求之间的转化差距。最后，我们提出MIRs与单原子催化剂、原位/操作分子光谱和合成生物学界面的融合构成了一个新兴的范例。这种整合准备解锁前所未有的催化精度，稳定性和可编程性，引导MIRs从实验室走向绿色化学，环境技术和可编程生物医学的实际部署。

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