中国黄土高原小麦玉米种植区减氮提高作物产量、减少土壤氮素流失并优化氮素平衡

IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY European Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127352
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在冬小麦-夏玉米双季种植中,施肥会改变土壤氮库中的氮(N)平衡、谷物的氮吸收、氮损失和氮利用效率(NUE),最终影响作物产量和环境健康。农业系统要想以较低的环境成本保持产量,就必须平衡氮预算。然而,在报告农业系统的氮素预算时,并没有考虑到所有的氮素流。我们评估了 2017-2021 年冬小麦-夏玉米生长季中各种氮肥施用量对土壤氮平衡和作物生产力的影响。这些施肥量包括非氮肥(N0)、75 kg-N-ha-1(N75)、150 kg-N-ha-1(N150)、225 kg-N-ha-1(N225),以及常规氮肥施用量 300 kg-N-ha-1(N300)。我们的分析基于长期田间施肥试验和现场观测(2010 年建立)。结果表明,施肥能显著提高作物产量(小麦:29.2 %-97.6 %;玉米:25.4 %-98.1 %;红豆:27.0 %-96.7 %),其中 N225 比 N0 的增产幅度最大。此外,与常规施氮量 N300 相比,N225 可使谷物对氮的吸收率提高 201.0%,减少了氮的损失,增加了氮的固存。随着施氮量的增加,氮平衡由负转正(小麦:小麦:-63.78-85.24 kg-ha-1;玉米:-55.77-82.25 kg-ha-1:小麦:-63.78-85.24 kg-ha-1;玉米:-55.77-82.25 kg-ha-1;青稞:-119.58-167.25 kg-ha-1;玉米:-55.77-82.25 kg-ha-1:-119.58-167.46千克-公顷-1-年-1)。综合多年的氮输入和输出,N225 更为平衡。因此,我们的研究表明,适当减少氮肥用量(N225)有助于维持农业生产率,并通过减少环境中的氮损失来促进农田固氮。保持氮在农田生态系统中的良性循环,对农田资源的高效利用、高产和可持续发展是有益的,也是必不可少的。
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Nitrogen reduction enhances crop productivity, decreases soil nitrogen loss and optimize its balance in wheat-maize cropping area of the Loess Plateau, China

In winter wheat-summer maize double cropping, fertilization changes the nitrogen (N) balance in the soil N pool, grain N uptake, N loss, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), ultimately impacting crop productivity and environmental health. For agricultural systems to maintain yields at lower environmental costs, N budgets must be balanced. Still, there is a deficiency in the reporting of N budgets of farming systems that incorporate all N flows. We evaluated the effects of various N fertilizer application rates on soil N balance and crop productivity in the 2017–2021 winter wheat-summer maize growing seasons. These rates included non-N fertilization (N0), 75 kg·N·ha−1 (N75), 150 kg·N·ha−1 (N150), 225 kg·N·ha−1 (N225), and conventional N fertilizer application rate, 300 kg·N·ha−1 (N300). Our analysis was based on a long-term field fertilization experiment and in-situ observation (established in 2010). The results show that fertilization significantly increased crop yields (wheat: 29.2 %–97.6 %; maize:25.4 %–98.1 %; annal: 27.0 %–96.7 %), among which N225 showed the highest increase value, compared with N0. Moreover, the N225 maximized grain N uptake by 201.0 %, reducing N losses and increasing N sequestration compared to the conventional N application rate of N300. N balance changes from negative to positive as the N application rate increases (wheat: −63.78–85.24 kg·ha−1; maize: −55.77–82.25 kg·ha−1; annal: −119.58–167.46 kg·ha−1·yr−1). Combining years of N inputs and outputs, the N225 is more balanced. Therefore, our study shows that an appropriate reduction of N fertilizer (N225) can help maintain agricultural productivity and promote N sequestration in farmland by reducing environmental N loss. Maintaining the virtuous cycle of N in the farmland ecosystem is beneficial and essential for the efficient utilization, high yield, and sustainable development of farmland resources.

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来源期刊
European Journal of Agronomy
European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
187
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.
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