Applications of green nano textile materials for environmental sustainability and functional performance: Past, present and future perspectives

The development of eco-friendly and sustainable nano textile materials has become a crucial response to the environmental problems facing the textile industry as well as the need for increased functionality. This review delves into the history of nano textiles, following advancements from their inception to present-day uses and potential future directions. In the past, the textile industry has struggled with environmental problems such as pollution and overuse of resources. With the use of nanotechnology, textiles can now have better qualities like increased stain resistance, durability, and antibacterial performance. There is currently a major shift toward the integration of eco-friendly nanomaterials, such as biodegradable and bio-based nanoparticles, which support more sustainable production practices. These developments not only address environmental issues but also enhance textile performance, offering attributes like water resistance, UV protection, and self-cleaning capabilities. Future directions are expected to center on refining nanomaterial synthesis, scaling production, and ensuring comprehensive lifecycle sustainability. Emerging trends, such as smart functionalities and circular economy approaches, are anticipated to further revolutionize the industry. This review summarizes previous accomplishments, assesses recent innovations, and identifies future research opportunities to advance the field of green nano textiles.