Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101408
A. Sangeetha , Adithi Ambli , B.M. Nagabhushana
Titania nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using chemical and natural solvents. Isopropanol is used as a chemical solvent for the reduction of ions. Further, Jasminum and Magnolia champaca flower extracts were individually used as natural solvents which acts as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The role of natural solvents over chemical solvents on the structure, phase, morphology, and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated. Synthesis using natural solvents led to rutile phase of TiO2 nanoparticles while, chemical synthesis produced anatase phase. Green synthesis yielded larger crystallite size TiO2 compared to chemical synthesis. Synthesized TiO2 exhibited PL emission centered at 397 nm with excitation 325 nm associated with weak emissions noticed at 450 nm, 470 nm, and 520 nm.
{"title":"Green and chemical synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles: An In-depth comparative analysis and photoluminescence study","authors":"A. Sangeetha , Adithi Ambli , B.M. Nagabhushana","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titania nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using chemical and natural solvents. Isopropanol is used as a chemical solvent for the reduction of ions. Further, Jasminum and Magnolia champaca flower extracts were individually used as natural solvents which acts as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The role of natural solvents over chemical solvents on the structure, phase, morphology, and optical properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were investigated. Synthesis using natural solvents led to rutile phase of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles while, chemical synthesis produced anatase phase. Green synthesis yielded larger crystallite size TiO<sub>2</sub> compared to chemical synthesis. Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited PL emission centered at 397 nm with excitation 325 nm associated with weak emissions noticed at 450 nm, 470 nm, and 520 nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101402
Anu K. John, Shiny Palaty
Facet-tailored TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit exceptional properties due to high surface energy. Conventional strategies for the fabrication of such TiO2 NPs involve harmful chemicals, which necessitates the development of environmentally benign pathways. Plant extract-assisted synthesis has emerged as a promising green alternative to conventional nanomaterial synthesis. This work introduces an innovative method for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) NPs with exposed {001} facets using the leaf extract of a weed plant Chromolaena odorata, which is commonly known as Siam weed. The synthesis was carried out by sol-gel process with triethylamine (TEA), hydrazine hydrate and urea being the nitrogen precursors. The synthesised N-TiO2 NPs exhibited exposed {001} facets and showed a reduction in band gap. Photo-induced degradation of methylene blue dye was used to analyse the photocatalytic capability of N-TiO2 NPs in the visible range. The effect of N precursor, N dosage and light exposure time on the catalytic efficacy was studied. N-TiO2 NPs derived from TEA with 1 mol.% dopant achieved 98 % degradation in 180 minutes, while those synthesized with hydrazine and urea attained 96 % and 93 %, respectively when compared to 90 % degradation for undoped samples. The N-doping leads to significant advancement of photocatalytic effectiveness of the TiO2 NPs by introducing mid-gap levels in the forbidden energy gap that diminishes the charge carrier-recombination and boost the charge-carrier mobility of TiO2. This along with the existence of high energy facets causes a substantial advancement in the photocatalytic function in the visible region. The proposed method is a sustainable way for synthesising N-TiO2 NPs with exposed {001} facets for environment remediation applications.
{"title":"Green synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with exposed {001} facets using Chromolaena odorata leaf extract for photodegradation of pollutants under visible light","authors":"Anu K. John, Shiny Palaty","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facet-tailored TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit exceptional properties due to high surface energy. Conventional strategies for the fabrication of such TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs involve harmful chemicals, which necessitates the development of environmentally benign pathways. Plant extract-assisted synthesis has emerged as a promising green alternative to conventional nanomaterial synthesis. This work introduces an innovative method for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (N-TiO<sub>2</sub>) NPs with exposed {001} facets using the leaf extract of a weed plant <em>Chromolaena odorata,</em> which is commonly known as Siam weed. The synthesis was carried out by sol-gel process with triethylamine (TEA), hydrazine hydrate and urea being the nitrogen precursors. The synthesised N-TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited exposed {001} facets and showed a reduction in band gap. Photo-induced degradation of methylene blue dye was used to analyse the photocatalytic capability of N-TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs in the visible range. The effect of N precursor, N dosage and light exposure time on the catalytic efficacy was studied. N-TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs derived from TEA with 1 mol.% dopant achieved 98 % degradation in 180 minutes, while those synthesized with hydrazine and urea attained 96 % and 93 %, respectively when compared to 90 % degradation for undoped samples. The N-doping leads to significant advancement of photocatalytic effectiveness of the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs by introducing mid-gap levels in the forbidden energy gap that diminishes the charge carrier-recombination and boost the charge-carrier mobility of TiO<sub>2</sub>. This along with the existence of high energy facets causes a substantial advancement in the photocatalytic function in the visible region. The proposed method is a sustainable way for synthesising N-TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs with exposed {001} facets for environment remediation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A natural biopolymer, tamarind exhibits eco-friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible characteristics, offering a renewable and sustainable alternative for nanoparticle formulation compared to synthetic polymers. The chelation effect of (-OH), (-COOH), and (-CO) in tamarind plays an important role in the binding and stabilizing of metal ions, during nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis and enhances the stability and uniformity of NPs. Tamarind has some drawbacks e.g., low solubility, and dullness. Derivatization of tamarind improved swelling, water solubility, mucoadhesive properties, and viscosity, which was achieved through grafting, copolymerization, and cross-linking. NPs of tamarind have been synthesized using various methods, including the co-precipitation method, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, green synthesis method, in-situ, ex-situ, and solvent casting method. The derivatization and fabrication of tamarind NPs were confirmed via some techniques including fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ay dispersive diffraction (XRD), ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), dynamic light scattering (DSC), nuclear genetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tamarind-based NPs exhibit a spectrum of versatile applications including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, immunomodulatory, anticancer, drug delivery, hazardous metal, and dye removal, agriculture, biosensing, food packaging, electrochemical devices, and many more. This review provides the details regarding tamarind derivatives and nanoparticles introduced to date. It incites us about the synthesis of a novel derivative of tamarind and explores its applications in various fields.
{"title":"A comprehensive scrutinization on tamarind kernel powder-based derivatives and nanomaterials in modern research","authors":"Sakshi Saini , Jagram Meena , Rajdeep Malik , Teena Saini , Vratika Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A natural biopolymer, tamarind exhibits eco-friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible characteristics, offering a renewable and sustainable alternative for nanoparticle formulation compared to synthetic polymers. The chelation effect of (-OH), (-COOH), and (-C<img>O) in tamarind plays an important role in the binding and stabilizing of metal ions, during nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis and enhances the stability and uniformity of NPs. Tamarind has some drawbacks e.g., low solubility, and dullness. Derivatization of tamarind improved swelling, water solubility, mucoadhesive properties, and viscosity, which was achieved through grafting, copolymerization, and cross-linking. NPs of tamarind have been synthesized using various methods, including the co-precipitation method, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, green synthesis method, in-situ, ex-situ, and solvent casting method. The derivatization and fabrication of tamarind NPs were confirmed via some techniques including fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ay dispersive diffraction (XRD), ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), dynamic light scattering (DSC), nuclear genetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tamarind-based NPs exhibit a spectrum of versatile applications including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, immunomodulatory, anticancer, drug delivery, hazardous metal, and dye removal, agriculture, biosensing, food packaging, electrochemical devices, and many more. This review provides the details regarding tamarind derivatives and nanoparticles introduced to date. It incites us about the synthesis of a novel derivative of tamarind and explores its applications in various fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101407
J. Nandhini , E. Karthikeyan , E. Elizabeth Rani , V.S. Karthikha
Narcolepsy presents challenges in medication adherence and delivery, with traditional oral medications not always suitable for patients experiencing unexpected sleep episodes or difficulty in swallowing pills. This study focused on developing a solriamfetol (SF) loaded nanofiber membrane using a polymer blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) for the management of narcoleptic patients with non-oral dosage options. The design required synthesis, optimization, characterization, and evaluation of these nanofibers for transdermal drug delivery. Using a Box-Behnken design, the nanofibers were produced via the electrospinning technique, achieving a high drug content of 96.31 ± 1.21 % and entrapment efficiency of 96.18 ± 1.42 %. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated a prolonged release profile of SF over 24 h, with 97 % ± 2 % of the drug released. The SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphology of the nanofibers was smooth and homogenous, and the average diameter of the SF/PVA/PLGA nanofibers was found to be 150.23 ± 2.50 nm. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the amorphous structure of the nanofibers. The zebrafish embryonic toxicological study did not reveal any signs of toxicity or morphological abnormalities in the developing embryos, indicating that the nanofibers are safe. The results point to the applicability of SF nanofiber membranes in personalized narcolepsy therapy, which improves patients’ quality of life and the efficacy of their treatment. These nanofibers can be given in the form of a transdermal patch to patients for sustained drug delivery, even when they fall asleep or when they cannot take medicines orally.
{"title":"Development and characterization of solriamfetol-loaded PVA/PLGA electrospun nanofiber membranes: A promising approach for sustained narcolepsy treatment","authors":"J. Nandhini , E. Karthikeyan , E. Elizabeth Rani , V.S. Karthikha","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Narcolepsy presents challenges in medication adherence and delivery, with traditional oral medications not always suitable for patients experiencing unexpected sleep episodes or difficulty in swallowing pills. This study focused on developing a solriamfetol (SF) loaded nanofiber membrane using a polymer blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) for the management of narcoleptic patients with non-oral dosage options. The design required synthesis, optimization, characterization, and evaluation of these nanofibers for transdermal drug delivery. Using a Box-Behnken design, the nanofibers were produced via the electrospinning technique, achieving a high drug content of 96.31 ± 1.21 % and entrapment efficiency of 96.18 ± 1.42 %. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated a prolonged release profile of SF over 24 h, with 97 % ± 2 % of the drug released. The SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphology of the nanofibers was smooth and homogenous, and the average diameter of the SF/PVA/PLGA nanofibers was found to be 150.23 ± 2.50 nm. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the amorphous structure of the nanofibers. The zebrafish embryonic toxicological study did not reveal any signs of toxicity or morphological abnormalities in the developing embryos, indicating that the nanofibers are safe. The results point to the applicability of SF nanofiber membranes in personalized narcolepsy therapy, which improves patients’ quality of life and the efficacy of their treatment. These nanofibers can be given in the form of a transdermal patch to patients for sustained drug delivery, even when they fall asleep or when they cannot take medicines orally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101404
Pooja V. Nagime , Sudarshan Singh , Vijay R. Chidrawar , Amarjitsing Rajput , Dwi Marlina Syukri , Nusri T. Marwan , Sheeba Shafi
Owing to superior stability and minimal chemical reactivity compared to other metals, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent a significant breakthrough in nanotechnology. Given their special physicochemical characteristics, AgNPs have drawn much interest in biological applications. AgNPs are produced using various techniques, including chemical and physical ones. These techniques frequently require harmful substances as reducing agents to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs). To prevent the use of hazardous materials; however, several attempts have been made in the last few decades to develop green synthesis processes. Green synthesis AgNPs have gained broader attention due to excellent antibacterial and allied biological applications. Moringa oleifera is renowned for its lightning-fast growth and broad site adaptability and contains diverse bioactive compounds used traditionally to treat several diseases. Owing to these broad utility M. oleifera plant extract has been widely explored to reduce and stabilize the metallic NPs. Therefore, the green production of moringa various plant part extract-based AgNPs and the function of plant metabolites in the synthesis process is briefly discussed considering their multifaceted applications. Moreover, updates on potential biomedical applications of biosynthesized AgNPs using M. oleifera in a variety of domains with insights into future research directions and strategies for overcoming the challenges have been elaborated.
{"title":"Moringa oleifera: A plethora of bioactive reservoirs with tremendous opportunity for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles enabled with multifaceted applications","authors":"Pooja V. Nagime , Sudarshan Singh , Vijay R. Chidrawar , Amarjitsing Rajput , Dwi Marlina Syukri , Nusri T. Marwan , Sheeba Shafi","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to superior stability and minimal chemical reactivity compared to other metals, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent a significant breakthrough in nanotechnology. Given their special physicochemical characteristics, AgNPs have drawn much interest in biological applications. AgNPs are produced using various techniques, including chemical and physical ones. These techniques frequently require harmful substances as reducing agents to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs). To prevent the use of hazardous materials; however, several attempts have been made in the last few decades to develop green synthesis processes. Green synthesis AgNPs have gained broader attention due to excellent antibacterial and allied biological applications. <em>Moringa oleifera</em> is renowned for its lightning-fast growth and broad site adaptability and contains diverse bioactive compounds used traditionally to treat several diseases. Owing to these broad utility <em>M. oleifera</em> plant extract has been widely explored to reduce and stabilize the metallic NPs. Therefore, the green production of <em>moringa</em> various plant part extract-based AgNPs and the function of plant metabolites in the synthesis process is briefly discussed considering their multifaceted applications. Moreover, updates on potential biomedical applications of biosynthesized AgNPs using <em>M. oleifera</em> in a variety of domains with insights into future research directions and strategies for overcoming the challenges have been elaborated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates the formulation and characterization of polymeric lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNs) for targeted delivery of Rivastigmine and Convolvulus pluricaulis (C. pluricaulis, Shankhpushpi) extract to the brain. Employing a modified film hydration technique, PLHNs were optimized by adjusting lipid-to-polymer ratios, achieving nanoparticles with optimal size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles, with sizes between approximately 150–225 nm, exhibited excellent physical stability and encapsulation efficiencies. Characterization through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their spherical and smooth morphology. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed no significant interactions between the drug, polymer, and plant extract, ensuring formulation stability. In vitro release studies demonstrated a controlled and sustained drug release, with the optimal formulation showing substantial release over 24 hours. The novel object recognition (NOR) test indicated enhanced cognitive function in animals treated with the optimal formulation, suggesting effective brain targeting and neuroprotective activity. Biochemical analyses supported these findings, revealing significant improvements in antioxidant enzyme levels and reductions in oxidative stress markers in treated animals. This study underscores the potential of PLHNs to enhance the delivery of neuroprotective agents, offering a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"Enhanced delivery of rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease: Convolvulus pluricaulis lipid hybrid nanoparticles","authors":"Twinkle Garg , Saraswati Patel , Divya Yadav , Vivek Dave , Rakesh Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the formulation and characterization of polymeric lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNs) for targeted delivery of Rivastigmine and <em>Convolvulus pluricaulis</em> (<em>C. pluricaulis,</em> Shankhpushpi) extract to the brain. Employing a modified film hydration technique, PLHNs were optimized by adjusting lipid-to-polymer ratios, achieving nanoparticles with optimal size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles, with sizes between approximately 150–225 nm, exhibited excellent physical stability and encapsulation efficiencies. Characterization through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their spherical and smooth morphology. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed no significant interactions between the drug, polymer, and plant extract, ensuring formulation stability. In vitro release studies demonstrated a controlled and sustained drug release, with the optimal formulation showing substantial release over 24 hours. The novel object recognition (NOR) test indicated enhanced cognitive function in animals treated with the optimal formulation, suggesting effective brain targeting and neuroprotective activity. Biochemical analyses supported these findings, revealing significant improvements in antioxidant enzyme levels and reductions in oxidative stress markers in treated animals. This study underscores the potential of PLHNs to enhance the delivery of neuroprotective agents, offering a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the predominant malignancy afflicting women globally, profoundly influencing their physical and psychological well-being. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a viable non-invasive treatment modality. Photodynamic therapy utilizes photosensitizers activated by laser light in an oxygen-rich environment to selectively destroy cancer cells. This process produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that efficiently eradicate tumor tissues. In the comparison of free photosensitizers and nanoparticles in PDT, nanoparticles offer significant benefits, such as increased solubility, enhanced biodistribution, and superior intercellular penetration, resulting in more effective targeting of cancer cells. Current research concentrates on the development of nanocarrier photosensitizers by non-covalent methods (including self-aggregation and interfacial polymerization) and covalent techniques (such as chemical immobilization). These nanoparticles may accumulate in tumors by passive and/or active targeting, guaranteeing both chemical and physical stability of the photosensitizer payload. Their advantageous traits namely remarkable stability, variable dimensions, and facile surface functionalization render nanoparticles especially suitable for biological applications. This article elucidates the processes of breast cancer treatment utilizing nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy, emphasizing recent progress in nanocarrier technologies and synergistic treatments. It seeks to deliver a thorough summary of existing knowledge, establishing a basis for novel research concepts and systematic assessments of potential results. The review also addresses the use of PDT with traditional medicines in breast cancer treatment, highlighting its potential to improve therapeutic efficacy.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-based photodynamic therapy for targeted treatment of breast cancer","authors":"Shivam Rajput , Rishabha Malviya , Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is the predominant malignancy afflicting women globally, profoundly influencing their physical and psychological well-being. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a viable non-invasive treatment modality. Photodynamic therapy utilizes photosensitizers activated by laser light in an oxygen-rich environment to selectively destroy cancer cells. This process produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that efficiently eradicate tumor tissues. In the comparison of free photosensitizers and nanoparticles in PDT, nanoparticles offer significant benefits, such as increased solubility, enhanced biodistribution, and superior intercellular penetration, resulting in more effective targeting of cancer cells. Current research concentrates on the development of nanocarrier photosensitizers by non-covalent methods (including self-aggregation and interfacial polymerization) and covalent techniques (such as chemical immobilization). These nanoparticles may accumulate in tumors by passive and/or active targeting, guaranteeing both chemical and physical stability of the photosensitizer payload. Their advantageous traits namely remarkable stability, variable dimensions, and facile surface functionalization render nanoparticles especially suitable for biological applications. This article elucidates the processes of breast cancer treatment utilizing nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy, emphasizing recent progress in nanocarrier technologies and synergistic treatments. It seeks to deliver a thorough summary of existing knowledge, establishing a basis for novel research concepts and systematic assessments of potential results. The review also addresses the use of PDT with traditional medicines in breast cancer treatment, highlighting its potential to improve therapeutic efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101400
Iago R. Vasconcelos , Denilson V. Freitas , Felipe L.N. Sousa , Anderson C. Jesus , Caroline F. Santana , Palloma L. Oliveira , Fabiana A.C. Silva , Diana Maria Perez Escobar , Thompson J.A. Reis , Tereza C. Leal-Balbino , Ana C.B. Vidal , Marcelo Navarro
Quantum dots (QDs) synthesized from environmentally friendly precursors associated to scalable and high-efficiency production routes are essential for nanomedicine applications. Ag2S nanocrystal is notable by antimicrobial activity, photothermal properties, and low toxicity, making it promising bioactive nanomaterial. In this work, L-glutathione (GSH) capped Ag2S and ZnSe seeds were synthesized by using a fast and environmentally friendly electrochemical method (cavity cell, graphite powder macroelectrode and aqueous medium) and tested for biological applications. Ag2S nanocrystals presented a monoclinic structure (XRD analysis). The modulation of the optical properties was carried out by varying the Ag+/S2- ratio (1:1, 2:1, and 4:1), showing a photoluminescence hypsochromic shift from 916 to 759 nm, respectively. The modulation of the optical parameters was also carried out by the synthesis of Ag2S@ZnSe core/shell nanostructures. ZnSe seeds were prepared by the same electrochemical method and added to the Ag2S solution followed by thermal treatment under reflux (10 min). Ag2S@ZnSe systems showed higher photoluminescence intensity and a hypsochromic shift of the emission band using Ag2S cores (Ag+/S2- = 1:1 and 1:2), which was associated to the formation of alloy-type structures. In the case of the Ag2S@ZnSe (Ag+/S2- = 1:4), a bathochromic shift of the emission bands can be observed, which was associated to the formation of a core/shell structure. Ag2S@ZnSe QDs were tested in antimicrobial and cytotoxicity assays, showing a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to 512 µg.mL−1. No cytotoxicity was observed against the Vero cell line at all concentrations tested (7.81–1000 µg.mL−1), and low cytotoxicity against the HT-29 tumor line (7.81–31.25 µg.mL−1), thus showing promising results for bioapplications.
{"title":"Tunable photoluminescence of electrosynthesized Ag2S@ZnSe quantum dots for nanomedicine applications","authors":"Iago R. Vasconcelos , Denilson V. Freitas , Felipe L.N. Sousa , Anderson C. Jesus , Caroline F. Santana , Palloma L. Oliveira , Fabiana A.C. Silva , Diana Maria Perez Escobar , Thompson J.A. Reis , Tereza C. Leal-Balbino , Ana C.B. Vidal , Marcelo Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum dots (QDs) synthesized from environmentally friendly precursors associated to scalable and high-efficiency production routes are essential for nanomedicine applications. Ag<sub>2</sub>S nanocrystal is notable by antimicrobial activity, photothermal properties, and low toxicity, making it promising bioactive nanomaterial. In this work, L-glutathione (GSH) capped Ag<sub>2</sub>S and ZnSe seeds were synthesized by using a fast and environmentally friendly electrochemical method (cavity cell, graphite powder macroelectrode and aqueous medium) and tested for biological applications. Ag<sub>2</sub>S nanocrystals presented a monoclinic structure (XRD analysis). The modulation of the optical properties was carried out by varying the Ag<sup>+</sup>/S<sup>2-</sup> ratio (1:1, 2:1, and 4:1), showing a photoluminescence hypsochromic shift from 916 to 759 nm, respectively. The modulation of the optical parameters was also carried out by the synthesis of Ag<sub>2</sub>S@ZnSe core/shell nanostructures. ZnSe seeds were prepared by the same electrochemical method and added to the Ag<sub>2</sub>S solution followed by thermal treatment under reflux (10 min). Ag<sub>2</sub>S@ZnSe systems showed higher photoluminescence intensity and a hypsochromic shift of the emission band using Ag<sub>2</sub>S cores (Ag<sup>+</sup>/S<sup>2-</sup> = 1:1 and 1:2), which was associated to the formation of alloy-type structures. In the case of the Ag<sub>2</sub>S@ZnSe (Ag<sup>+</sup>/S<sup>2-</sup> = 1:4), a bathochromic shift of the emission bands can be observed, which was associated to the formation of a core/shell structure. Ag<sub>2</sub>S@ZnSe QDs were tested in antimicrobial and cytotoxicity assays, showing a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to 512 µg.mL<sup>−1</sup>. No cytotoxicity was observed against the Vero cell line at all concentrations tested (7.81–1000 µg.mL<sup>−1</sup>), and low cytotoxicity against the HT-29 tumor line (7.81–31.25 µg.mL<sup>−1</sup>), thus showing promising results for bioapplications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101396
Jayaprasad K V, Titu Thomas, Ramya Manikandan, Manu Vaishakh, Sheenu Thomas
The shape dependent optical and thermal properties of Mn3O4 nanostructures synthesized via precipitation method is investigated in the present study. By varying the stirring temperature during the precipitation process, a series of nanoparticles with distinct morphologies were produced, transitioning from agglomerated structures to nanorods and further to nanocubes. Notably, the morphological evolution of Mn3O4 nanoparticles as influenced by stirring temperature has not been previously documented in the literature. The thermal diffusivity of Mn3O4 nanoparticles was quantified through a dual beam collinear thermal lens technique. An increase in stirring temperature resulted in the variation in thermal diffusivity values which substantiates the role of morphology in governing the thermo-optic characteristics of Mn3O4. The alterations are explained using absorption and emission spectra analysis. The thermal diffusivity values of Mn3O4 nanoparticles were found to be more than that of the base fluid, ethylene glycol (0.93 ×10−7 m2/s) varying between 5.71 ×10−7 m2/s to 24.93 ×10−7 m2/s. The exceptionally high thermal diffusivity values found in these samples suggest their potential for various technological applications, particularly in cooling systems. This study emphasizes the relationship between morphology and thermal properties, paving the way for the development of materials with tailored thermal behaviors for a wide range of applications.
{"title":"Influence of morphology on thermal properties of Mn3O4 nanoparticles - A thermal lens study","authors":"Jayaprasad K V, Titu Thomas, Ramya Manikandan, Manu Vaishakh, Sheenu Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shape dependent optical and thermal properties of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanostructures synthesized via precipitation method is investigated in the present study. By varying the stirring temperature during the precipitation process, a series of nanoparticles with distinct morphologies were produced, transitioning from agglomerated structures to nanorods and further to nanocubes. Notably, the morphological evolution of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles as influenced by stirring temperature has not been previously documented in the literature. The thermal diffusivity of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles was quantified through a dual beam collinear thermal lens technique. An increase in stirring temperature resulted in the variation in thermal diffusivity values which substantiates the role of morphology in governing the thermo-optic characteristics of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The alterations are explained using absorption and emission spectra analysis. The thermal diffusivity values of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were found to be more than that of the base fluid, ethylene glycol (0.93 ×10<sup>−7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s) varying between 5.71 ×10<sup>−7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s to 24.93 ×10<sup>−7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s. The exceptionally high thermal diffusivity values found in these samples suggest their potential for various technological applications, particularly in cooling systems. This study emphasizes the relationship between morphology and thermal properties, paving the way for the development of materials with tailored thermal behaviors for a wide range of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer cells require energy to carry out essential tasks, grow, and survive, like all other body cells. The pathophysiological process of cancer is a complex one. The cytotoxicity, lack of selectivity, generation of multidrug resistance, and proliferation of stem-like cells are some of the issues facing current chemotherapy. To this end, nanoconstructs with unique inherent properties, including optical, magnetic, and electrical, with a desired nano range (<100 nm), have shown remarkable applications. There are numerous significant categories into which nanomaterials employed in cancer therapy can be divided. These nanomaterials, which target the immune system, tumour microenvironment, and cancer cells, have been modified for various cancer therapies to improve drug capacity and bioavailability, reduce toxicity, and improve specificity. The distinct bioactivities of inorganic metallic NPs include silver (Ag), gold (Au), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt) and zinc (Zn), giving them a prominent position among other NPs. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), particularly, have garnered attention due to their unique pharmacological properties. As an essential trace element, Se forms the active site in selenoproteins like selenocysteine (Sec), which regulates the physiological redox balance through its oxidoreductase activity. SeNPs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in recent decades due to their reduced toxicity compared to Se, which has a narrow therapeutic window. SeNPs also exhibit synergistic effects with the therapeutic cargo, enhancing the anticancer activity. In this review, we have discussed the pharmacological effects of SeNPs, their pharmacological protective role against inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated conditions, and the latest advances in their synthesis and functionalization, utilized in cancer medication delivery systems, targeted drug delivery systems and gene delivery systems. In addition, we present an update on the most recent reported preclinical research involving the utilization of SeNPs in cancer treatment.
{"title":"Recent advancements in selenium nanoconstructs as a potential carrier in cancer therapy","authors":"Ritu Kudarha , Viola Colaco , Ashutosh Gupta , Sanjay Kulkarni , Soji Soman , Jahnavi Kulkarni , Komal Rana , Prerana Navti , Ruchi Tiwari , Riyaz Osmani , Deepanjan Datta , Mohit Angolkar , Srinivas Mutalik , Sudheer Moorkoth , Jayvadan Patel , Namdev Dhas","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer cells require energy to carry out essential tasks, grow, and survive, like all other body cells. The pathophysiological process of cancer is a complex one. The cytotoxicity, lack of selectivity, generation of multidrug resistance, and proliferation of stem-like cells are some of the issues facing current chemotherapy. To this end, nanoconstructs with unique inherent properties, including optical, magnetic, and electrical, with a desired nano range (<100 nm), have shown remarkable applications. There are numerous significant categories into which nanomaterials employed in cancer therapy can be divided. These nanomaterials, which target the immune system, tumour microenvironment, and cancer cells, have been modified for various cancer therapies to improve drug capacity and bioavailability, reduce toxicity, and improve specificity. The distinct bioactivities of inorganic metallic NPs include silver (Ag), gold (Au), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt) and zinc (Zn), giving them a prominent position among other NPs. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), particularly, have garnered attention due to their unique pharmacological properties. As an essential trace element, Se forms the active site in selenoproteins like selenocysteine (Sec), which regulates the physiological redox balance through its oxidoreductase activity. SeNPs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in recent decades due to their reduced toxicity compared to Se, which has a narrow therapeutic window. SeNPs also exhibit synergistic effects with the therapeutic cargo, enhancing the anticancer activity. In this review, we have discussed the pharmacological effects of SeNPs, their pharmacological protective role against inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated conditions, and the latest advances in their synthesis and functionalization, utilized in cancer medication delivery systems, targeted drug delivery systems and gene delivery systems. In addition, we present an update on the most recent reported preclinical research involving the utilization of SeNPs in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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