Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101413
Andrea Antosova , Miroslav Gancar , Zuzana Bednarikova , Iryna Antal , Patrizia Verducci , Olga Parmar , Martina Kubovcikova , Martina Koneracka , Vlasta Zavisova , Patrizio Graziosi , Barbara Luppi , Zuzana Gazova , Eva Bystrenova
Protein amyloid aggregation involves structural changes in native protein conformers and the formation of amyloid fibrils that accumulate in deposits in the human body. This study explores the effect of magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with amino acids (aaMNPs)—cysteine (Cys), poly-L-lysine (PLL), or proline (Pro)—on the amyloid aggregation of α-lactalbumin (αLA) and its amyloid fibrils (LAF). Our results from thioflavin T fluorescence assay (ThT), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and infrared spectroscopy revealed that the studied aaMNPs inhibit αLA fibrillization and destruct LAF in a concentration-dependent manner. The type of amino acid used for nanoparticle functionalization significantly influences the anti-amyloid efficacy. ProMNPs exhibit the highest inhibitory activity, with the timing of their addition being crucial Conversely, CysMNPs demonstrate the highest destructing activity. AFM image analysis through grain mapping was employed to quantify the anti-amyloid effects of aaMNPs. Cytotoxicity testing on kidney cells identified PLLMNPs as the only cytotoxic nanoparticles in our study. These findings clarify the mechanisms of inhibition and destruction of LAF in the presence of aaMNPs, which could inform the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes in the future.
{"title":"Anti-amyloid activity of amino acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles on αLactalbumin aggregation","authors":"Andrea Antosova , Miroslav Gancar , Zuzana Bednarikova , Iryna Antal , Patrizia Verducci , Olga Parmar , Martina Kubovcikova , Martina Koneracka , Vlasta Zavisova , Patrizio Graziosi , Barbara Luppi , Zuzana Gazova , Eva Bystrenova","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein amyloid aggregation involves structural changes in native protein conformers and the formation of amyloid fibrils that accumulate in deposits in the human body. This study explores the effect of magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with amino acids (aaMNPs)—cysteine (Cys), poly-L-lysine (PLL), or proline (Pro)—on the amyloid aggregation of α-lactalbumin (αLA) and its amyloid fibrils (LAF). Our results from thioflavin T fluorescence assay (ThT), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and infrared spectroscopy revealed that the studied aaMNPs inhibit αLA fibrillization and destruct LAF in a concentration-dependent manner. The type of amino acid used for nanoparticle functionalization significantly influences the anti-amyloid efficacy. ProMNPs exhibit the highest inhibitory activity, with the timing of their addition being crucial Conversely, CysMNPs demonstrate the highest destructing activity. AFM image analysis through grain mapping was employed to quantify the anti-amyloid effects of aaMNPs. Cytotoxicity testing on kidney cells identified PLLMNPs as the only cytotoxic nanoparticles in our study. These findings clarify the mechanisms of inhibition and destruction of LAF in the presence of aaMNPs, which could inform the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MXenes are a group of two-dimensional (2D), atomically thin transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbon nitrides with a variety of desirable characteristics. Due to their exceptional physiochemical characteristics and ultrathin lamellar structure, MXenes have shown excellent antibacterial capabilities. Two-dimensional Nb2CTx MXene has been recently analyzed for potential applications in antibacterial materials. Due to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria further materials or composite materials need to be explored. In this work, we report the antibacterial properties of a composite of Nb2CTx and silver, synthesized using electrostatic self-assembly method. This work also demonstrates the optimization of the etching of Nb2CTx MXene for different time intervals and delamination of Nb2CTx MXene by using two different solvents i.e., tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) and isopropyl amine. The antibacterial characteristics of Nb2CTx MXene, delaminated Nb2CTx MXene and Nb2CTx-Ag composite of 1:1 and 2:1 were tested and compared. This study demonstrates that Nb2CTx-Ag composite shows higher antibacterial properties than Nb2CTx and delaminated Nb2CTx MXene and could reach an antibacterial activity of 98.5 % for S. aureus and 100 % for E. coli.
{"title":"Promising antibacterial performance of Ag-nanoparticles intercalated Nb2CTx MXene towards E. coli and S. aureus","authors":"Aamen Nasir , Imran Haider Sajid , Arooma Syed , Fazal Adnan , Syed Rizwan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXenes are a group of two-dimensional (2D), atomically thin transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbon nitrides with a variety of desirable characteristics. Due to their exceptional physiochemical characteristics and ultrathin lamellar structure, MXenes have shown excellent antibacterial capabilities. Two-dimensional Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene has been recently analyzed for potential applications in antibacterial materials. Due to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria further materials or composite materials need to be explored. In this work, we report the antibacterial properties of a composite of Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> and silver, synthesized using electrostatic self-assembly method. This work also demonstrates the optimization of the etching of Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene for different time intervals and delamination of Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene by using two different solvents i.e., tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) and isopropyl amine. The antibacterial characteristics of Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene, delaminated Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene and Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub>-Ag composite of 1:1 and 2:1 were tested and compared. This study demonstrates that Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub>-Ag composite shows higher antibacterial properties than Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> and delaminated Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene and could reach an antibacterial activity of 98.5 % for <em>S. aureus</em> and 100 % for <em>E. coli</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101414
Roman Vaganov, Vladimir Zhigarev, Maxim Pryazhnikov, Andrey Minakov
The potential use of nanosuspensions in enhanced oil recovery is currently under vigorous investigation. A large body of evidence supports the viability of this research direction. However, considerable challenges still remain in this area. One such challenge is the high degree of mineralization observed in formation water in many oil fields. In such conditions, nanosuspensions may exhibit low aggregation and sedimentation stability. This study represents a systematic investigation into the potential for improving the sedimentation stability of SiO2 (18 nm) nanosuspensions prepared using highly mineralized water (up to 300 g/l) of varying composition. This is the first time such an investigation has been carried out. To stabilize SiO2 nanosuspensions in mineralized water, the effect of various additives (ethylene diamine tetraacetate acid dynatrium salt solution, synthanol, starch, sodium citrate, ammonium tartrate, and malonic acid) was investigated at the concentrations up to 3 wt%. The impact of salt type and concentration, as well as stabilizer type and concentration on the colloidal stability of nanosuspensions was examined. The results demonstrate that nanosuspensions exhibit a loss of colloidal stability at salt concentrations above 100 g/l. Furthermore, their sedimentation stability in formation water is approximately two times lower than that in a NaCl-based solution with the same degree of mineralization. The results of the conducted studies indicate that the optimal stabilizing properties for nanosuspensions in highly mineralized waters are possessed by additives of malonic acid and sodium citrate at a concentration of 1 wt%.
{"title":"Colloidal stability of nanosuspensions based on highly mineralized solutions","authors":"Roman Vaganov, Vladimir Zhigarev, Maxim Pryazhnikov, Andrey Minakov","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential use of nanosuspensions in enhanced oil recovery is currently under vigorous investigation. A large body of evidence supports the viability of this research direction. However, considerable challenges still remain in this area. One such challenge is the high degree of mineralization observed in formation water in many oil fields. In such conditions, nanosuspensions may exhibit low aggregation and sedimentation stability. This study represents a systematic investigation into the potential for improving the sedimentation stability of SiO<sub>2</sub> (18 nm) nanosuspensions prepared using highly mineralized water (up to 300 g/l) of varying composition. This is the first time such an investigation has been carried out. To stabilize SiO<sub>2</sub> nanosuspensions in mineralized water, the effect of various additives (ethylene diamine tetraacetate acid dynatrium salt solution, synthanol, starch, sodium citrate, ammonium tartrate, and malonic acid) was investigated at the concentrations up to 3 wt%. The impact of salt type and concentration, as well as stabilizer type and concentration on the colloidal stability of nanosuspensions was examined. The results demonstrate that nanosuspensions exhibit a loss of colloidal stability at salt concentrations above 100 g/l. Furthermore, their sedimentation stability in formation water is approximately two times lower than that in a NaCl-based solution with the same degree of mineralization. The results of the conducted studies indicate that the optimal stabilizing properties for nanosuspensions in highly mineralized waters are possessed by additives of malonic acid and sodium citrate at a concentration of 1 wt%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101416
Aaqib Majeed , Parvez Ali , Marouan Kouki
<div><div>The present work is motivated by the need to enhance thermal conductivity, making them useful in cooling systems for electronics, automotive radiators, and heat exchangers. Single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are renowned for their exceptional thermal conductivity, making them promising candidates for heat transfer enhancements. Two sorts of carbon nanotubes are reflected here i.e. single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are considered here. SWCNTs & MWCNTs have numerous applications in fluid mechanics. The purpose of the current investigation is to consider a classical problem of Navier’s Stokes equations and develop a mathematical for 3D Darcy–Forchheimer flow of SWCNTs & MWCNTs carbon nanotubes over a stretchy surface with variable thermal conductivity and convective boundary constraints. The impact of thermal radiation, rotational effect, and velocity slip are also taken into account in the present model. A suitable transformation approach was implemented to convert the non-dimensional governing partial differential equation (PDEs) to ordinary differential equation (ODEs) ones. The transformed versions of the highly nonlinear coupled PDEs are drafted by adopting numerical scheme with Bvp4c MATLAB package. The ranges of the parameters used are: <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>Ω</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mi>K</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mi>Fr</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.0</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>ϕ</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0.3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>є</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mi>Rd</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo><</mo><mi>Bi</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>λ</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Outcomes of the various flow factors like rotational parameters, Prandtl number, velocity slip parameter, inertia coefficient, Biot number, variable thermal conductivity, and radiation parameter on velocity, temperature profiles are illustrated graphically and in the form of tables. Our inquiry au
{"title":"Single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with radiative heat transfer over a porous medium: Featuring of Darcy–Forchheimer and thermal conductivity","authors":"Aaqib Majeed , Parvez Ali , Marouan Kouki","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work is motivated by the need to enhance thermal conductivity, making them useful in cooling systems for electronics, automotive radiators, and heat exchangers. Single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are renowned for their exceptional thermal conductivity, making them promising candidates for heat transfer enhancements. Two sorts of carbon nanotubes are reflected here i.e. single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are considered here. SWCNTs & MWCNTs have numerous applications in fluid mechanics. The purpose of the current investigation is to consider a classical problem of Navier’s Stokes equations and develop a mathematical for 3D Darcy–Forchheimer flow of SWCNTs & MWCNTs carbon nanotubes over a stretchy surface with variable thermal conductivity and convective boundary constraints. The impact of thermal radiation, rotational effect, and velocity slip are also taken into account in the present model. A suitable transformation approach was implemented to convert the non-dimensional governing partial differential equation (PDEs) to ordinary differential equation (ODEs) ones. The transformed versions of the highly nonlinear coupled PDEs are drafted by adopting numerical scheme with Bvp4c MATLAB package. The ranges of the parameters used are: <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>Ω</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mi>K</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mi>Fr</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.0</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>ϕ</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0.3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>є</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mi>Rd</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo><</mo><mi>Bi</mi><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>λ</mi><mspace></mspace><mo><</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Outcomes of the various flow factors like rotational parameters, Prandtl number, velocity slip parameter, inertia coefficient, Biot number, variable thermal conductivity, and radiation parameter on velocity, temperature profiles are illustrated graphically and in the form of tables. Our inquiry au","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101412
Aaqib Majeed , Parvez Ali , Marouan Kouki , Muhammad Kashif Siddhu
Hybrid nanofluids are engaged in phase-change materials and thermal energy storage systems to enhance heat transfer during the charging and discharging processes. Improved understanding of how variable viscosity and thermal radiation affect these fluids contributes to more efficient energy management. This study aims to formulate an efficient mathematical model for the two-dimensional flow of a hybrid nanofluid composed of copper and alumina oxide suspended with base fluid to form a hybrid fluid under the influence of thermal radiation. The present study also integrates the effects of variable viscosity and viscous dissipation. Electromagnetic radiation impact due to temperature also amalgamated. The governing PDEs are reformulated into ODEs via tailored similarity transformations. These reformulated equations are then numerically resolved using Bvp4c solver, leveraging the shooting method within MATLAB for precision and efficiency. The most significant results are predetermined relevant parameters, such as the prosperity parameter, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, slip velocity parameterBiot number, convention parameter, Eckert number, heat source parameter, Prandtl number on velocity and temperature distribution are inspected graphically and in the form of table. Outcomes illustrate that fluid velocity flattens by increasing magnetic parameters because there exists a Lorentz force that opposes the fluid motion, whereas enhancement is noted via radiation parameter. Compared to conventional nanofluid, temperature curves of hybrid nanoliquid is higher. Furthermore, recent results indicate strong agreement for a specific instance.
{"title":"Enhanced energy efficiency by implementing MHD flow and heat transfer in Cu-Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanoparticles with variable viscosity","authors":"Aaqib Majeed , Parvez Ali , Marouan Kouki , Muhammad Kashif Siddhu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanofluids are engaged in phase-change materials and thermal energy storage systems to enhance heat transfer during the charging and discharging processes. Improved understanding of how variable viscosity and thermal radiation affect these fluids contributes to more efficient energy management. This study aims to formulate an efficient mathematical model for the two-dimensional flow of a hybrid nanofluid composed of copper <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and alumina oxide <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><msub><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> suspended with base fluid <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> to form a hybrid fluid under the influence of thermal radiation. The present study also integrates the effects of variable viscosity and viscous dissipation. Electromagnetic radiation impact due to temperature also amalgamated. The governing PDEs are reformulated into ODEs via tailored similarity transformations. These reformulated equations are then numerically resolved using Bvp4c solver, leveraging the shooting method within MATLAB for precision and efficiency. The most significant results are predetermined relevant parameters, such as the prosperity parameter, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, slip velocity parameter<span><math><mrow><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>Biot number, convention parameter, Eckert number, heat source parameter, Prandtl number on velocity and temperature distribution are inspected graphically and in the form of table. Outcomes illustrate that fluid velocity flattens by increasing magnetic parameters because there exists a Lorentz force that opposes the fluid motion, whereas enhancement is noted via radiation parameter. Compared to conventional nanofluid, temperature curves of hybrid nanoliquid is higher. Furthermore, recent results indicate strong agreement for a specific instance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101411
P. Joselene Suzan Jennifer , S. Muthupandi , A. Angelin Steffy , M. Joe Raja Ruban , D. AnnieCanisius , Davis Varghese , M. Gladys Joysi , J. Madhavan , M. Victor Antony Raj
Energy demand is increasing day by day globally due to the increase of population in a drastic manner. Solar energy a renewable, abundant, eco-friendly energy is the best solution to meet the energy demand of the world. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are the most reliable of the photovoltaics (PV) on account of their facile fabrication and pricing. Here a novel quaternary hybrid nanocomposite was substituted in the place of platinum (Pt) as a counter electrode and yielded exceptional results. The reduced graphene oxide/ manganese dioxide/ copper oxide/ cobalt oxide (rGO/MnO2/CuO/Co3O4 (RMCC)) was prepared and employed as a counter electrode of the DSSC under varied photoanodes (PA) like as-synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc Oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide/zinc oxide TiO2/ZnO with N-719 as dye medium, all coated over Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass as substrate. The DSSC constructed with RMCC as counter electrode (CE) was discovered to have a reliable photoconversion efficiency of 7.67 % which is 98.83 % of the Platinum substituted DSSC. The result was also testified by developing 60 such devices in total, under different photoanode material and was proved to be consistent, enabling the nanocomposite to develop into a positive example for CE in DSSC. Later this DSSC was integrated with a symmetric supercapacitor made of the same electrode material and gave a photovoltage of 0.828 V with areal-specific capacitance, energy and power density of 264.73 mF cm−2, 25.208 μW h cm−2 and 0.1656 mW cm−2, respectively. The photo-supercapacitor device self-discharged at 548 s with an overall conversion efficiency of the photosupercapacitor is 8.98 % resulting in a self-charged energy device.
{"title":"Integrating Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cell and symmetric supercapacitor employing common electrode quaternary nanocomposite","authors":"P. Joselene Suzan Jennifer , S. Muthupandi , A. Angelin Steffy , M. Joe Raja Ruban , D. AnnieCanisius , Davis Varghese , M. Gladys Joysi , J. Madhavan , M. Victor Antony Raj","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy demand is increasing day by day globally due to the increase of population in a drastic manner. Solar energy a renewable, abundant, eco-friendly energy is the best solution to meet the energy demand of the world. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are the most reliable of the photovoltaics (PV) on account of their facile fabrication and pricing. Here a novel quaternary hybrid nanocomposite was substituted in the place of platinum (Pt) as a counter electrode and yielded exceptional results. The reduced graphene oxide/ manganese dioxide/ copper oxide/ cobalt oxide (rGO/MnO<sub>2</sub>/CuO/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (RMCC)) was prepared and employed as a counter electrode of the DSSC under varied photoanodes (PA) like as-synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), zinc Oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide/zinc oxide TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO with N-719 as dye medium, all coated over Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass as substrate. The DSSC constructed with RMCC as counter electrode (CE) was discovered to have a reliable photoconversion efficiency of 7.67 % which is 98.83 % of the Platinum substituted DSSC. The result was also testified by developing 60 such devices in total, under different photoanode material and was proved to be consistent, enabling the nanocomposite to develop into a positive example for CE in DSSC. Later this DSSC was integrated with a symmetric supercapacitor made of the same electrode material and gave a photovoltage of 0.828 V with areal-specific capacitance, energy and power density of 264.73 mF cm<sup>−2</sup>, 25.208 μW h cm<sup>−2</sup> and 0.1656 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. The photo-supercapacitor device self-discharged at 548 s with an overall conversion efficiency of the photosupercapacitor is 8.98 % resulting in a self-charged energy device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Communication technology is one of the most important parts of human history and is fast developing. Visible Light Communication (VLC) can be categorized as a Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) communication that uses visible light through a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to transfer data and information. Even though LEDs are considered as very good light sources, they also have problems with effectiveness, which is influenced by their surface structures. The LEDs must also be able to focus the transmitted data and greatly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio. One of the problems encountered with LEDs is the presence of Total Internal Reflection (TIR) due to the large difference in refractive index between the LED and air, which causes photons to be trapped in the LED. Some trapped photons' energy may change into heat, thus reducing the LED's Light Extraction Efficiency (LEE). Using nanopatterns on the surface of LEDs is one way to reduce TIR on LEDs and enhance photon extraction from LEDs. Many parameters can influence the performance of nanopatterns on LEDs, so modelling efforts are needed before fabrication to save time and cost. Ansys Lumerical FDTD can be used to simulate and model the effects of nanopatterns on LED surfaces on LEE and beam focusing effect. In this study, simulations were carried out using Ansys Lumerical FDTD with variations in nanopattern shape parameters in the form of grating, blaze grating, triangular grating, and hemisphere. Apart from that, variations were also made to the height and width parameters of the grating to see the effect of these parameters on the efficiency of the LED. The FDTD simulation codes were validated using the Ansys database. The optimization results show that the most optimum shape is the grating nanopattern with a width of 216 nm and a height of 300 nm, which produces a peak wavelength of 480 nm in the far field pattern and has the highest increase in the LEE of 300 times in ±15° and 5500 times in ±5°. The huge spike in LEE enhancement at ±5° indicates that the nanopattern caused a focusing effect. The simulation results were compared using previous experimental data of Fabricated ZnS:Cu LED. It is shown that the simulation results are in line with the experimental data. The result shows that the simulation is very useful in designing the nano-patterned ZnS:Cu LED surface to achieve the best performance in the LEE and LED focusing effect for a specific application such as the VLC.
通信技术是人类历史上最重要的组成部分之一，并且正在快速发展。可见光通信（VLC）可归类为光保真（Li-Fi）通信，它通过发光二极管（LED）使用可见光来传输数据和信息。尽管发光二极管被认为是非常好的光源，但它们也存在效率问题，这受到其表面结构的影响。发光二极管还必须能够聚焦传输的数据，并大大降低信噪比。LED 遇到的问题之一是由于 LED 和空气之间折射率的巨大差异而产生的全内反射（TIR），这会导致光子被困在 LED 中。一些被截留光子的能量可能会转化为热量，从而降低 LED 的光提取效率（LEE）。在 LED 表面使用纳米图案是减少 LED 的 TIR 并提高 LED 光子萃取率的一种方法。许多参数会影响 LED 上纳米图案的性能，因此需要在制造前进行建模，以节省时间和成本。Ansys Lumerical FDTD 可用于模拟和建模 LED 表面纳米图案对 LEE 和光束聚焦效应的影响。在这项研究中，使用 Ansys Lumerical FDTD 进行了仿真，纳米图案的形状参数有光栅、炽热光栅、三角光栅和半球形。此外，光栅的高度和宽度参数也发生了变化，以了解这些参数对 LED 效率的影响。FDTD 仿真代码通过 Ansys 数据库进行了验证。优化结果表明，最理想的形状是宽度为 216 nm、高度为 300 nm 的光栅纳米图案，它在远场图案中产生的峰值波长为 480 nm，在 ±15° 和 ±5° 时，LEE 的增幅最高，分别为 300 倍和 5500 倍。在 ±5° 时，LEE 增强的峰值很大，这表明纳米图案产生了聚焦效应。模拟结果与之前制备的 ZnS:Cu LED 的实验数据进行了比较。结果表明，模拟结果与实验数据一致。结果表明，模拟对设计纳米图案的 ZnS:Cu LED 表面非常有用，可使其在特定应用（如 VLC）中达到最佳的 LEE 性能和 LED 聚焦效果。
{"title":"Optimization on the design of nano-patterned ZnS:Cu LED surface using FDTD simulation","authors":"Fathi Ibrahim , Damar Rastri Adhika , Aulia Ghifari Nurlis , Arfat Pradana , Widayani Sutrisno , Akhmadi Surawijaya","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Communication technology is one of the most important parts of human history and is fast developing. Visible Light Communication (VLC) can be categorized as a Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) communication that uses visible light through a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to transfer data and information. Even though LEDs are considered as very good light sources, they also have problems with effectiveness, which is influenced by their surface structures. The LEDs must also be able to focus the transmitted data and greatly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio. One of the problems encountered with LEDs is the presence of Total Internal Reflection (TIR) due to the large difference in refractive index between the LED and air, which causes photons to be trapped in the LED. Some trapped photons' energy may change into heat, thus reducing the LED's Light Extraction Efficiency (LEE). Using nanopatterns on the surface of LEDs is one way to reduce TIR on LEDs and enhance photon extraction from LEDs. Many parameters can influence the performance of nanopatterns on LEDs, so modelling efforts are needed before fabrication to save time and cost. Ansys Lumerical FDTD can be used to simulate and model the effects of nanopatterns on LED surfaces on LEE and beam focusing effect. In this study, simulations were carried out using Ansys Lumerical FDTD with variations in nanopattern shape parameters in the form of grating, blaze grating, triangular grating, and hemisphere. Apart from that, variations were also made to the height and width parameters of the grating to see the effect of these parameters on the efficiency of the LED. The FDTD simulation codes were validated using the Ansys database. The optimization results show that the most optimum shape is the grating nanopattern with a width of 216 nm and a height of 300 nm, which produces a peak wavelength of 480 nm in the far field pattern and has the highest increase in the LEE of 300 times in ±15° and 5500 times in ±5°. The huge spike in LEE enhancement at ±5° indicates that the nanopattern caused a focusing effect. The simulation results were compared using previous experimental data of Fabricated ZnS:Cu LED. It is shown that the simulation results are in line with the experimental data. The result shows that the simulation is very useful in designing the nano-patterned ZnS:Cu LED surface to achieve the best performance in the LEE and LED focusing effect for a specific application such as the VLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanofluids based on graphene and water are promising working fluids for use in solar collectors. In this study, the optical properties, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of nanofluids based on water and graphene material, with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant, were experimentally investigated. To obtain these nanofluids, graphene nanoparticles were synthesized using a plasma-chemical method and were later characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The relationships between the concentrations of graphene in the nanofluids and the geometric parameters of vessels for effective absorption of solar energy were determined. The spectral dependences of the extinction coefficient for the nanofluids and for aqueous solutions with black aniline dye were compared. It was found that the application of graphene-based nanofluids is more effective than aqueous solutions based on aniline dye in photothermal energy conversion. Additionally, it was noted that the addition of graphene and the SDS surfactant does not lead to an increase in viscosity or a significant change in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids for concentrations up to 0.02 wt%. The results showed that the studied nanofluids are effective absorbers of solar energy and, at the same time, do not require additional energy consumption to move through the solar harvesting circuit.
{"title":"Optical properties, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of graphene-based nanofluids for solar collectors","authors":"M.A. Morozova , A.A. Osipov , E.A. Maksimovskiy , A.V. Zaikovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofluids based on graphene and water are promising working fluids for use in solar collectors. In this study, the optical properties, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of nanofluids based on water and graphene material, with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant, were experimentally investigated. To obtain these nanofluids, graphene nanoparticles were synthesized using a plasma-chemical method and were later characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The relationships between the concentrations of graphene in the nanofluids and the geometric parameters of vessels for effective absorption of solar energy were determined. The spectral dependences of the extinction coefficient for the nanofluids and for aqueous solutions with black aniline dye were compared. It was found that the application of graphene-based nanofluids is more effective than aqueous solutions based on aniline dye in photothermal energy conversion. Additionally, it was noted that the addition of graphene and the SDS surfactant does not lead to an increase in viscosity or a significant change in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids for concentrations up to 0.02 wt%. The results showed that the studied nanofluids are effective absorbers of solar energy and, at the same time, do not require additional energy consumption to move through the solar harvesting circuit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101403
Kalpana Singh , Shiwani Singhal , Shilpa Pahwa , Vandana Arora Sethi , Shashank Sharma , Preeti Singh , R.D. Kale , S. Wazed Ali , Suresh Sagadevan
Nanotechnology is instrumental across various fields of life, offering transformative approaches to solving complex problems. At the core of this innovation is nanomedicine, a new field that leverages the unique properties of nanoparticles to revolutionize pharmaceutical delivery and clinical practices. Nanomedicine focuses on using nanoparticles as nanodrugs to create highly effective drug delivery systems, marking a significant advancement in treating various diseases. Several nanomaterials, already commercially accessible as pharmaceutical delivery agents, have shown substantial efficacy in clinical studies. Recent developments in nanomedicine have led to significant innovations, including nanomedicines based on natural products, carbon dots (CDs), nanorobots, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, and metal-based nanoparticles. Each of these advancements brings unique properties that enhance drug delivery, targeting, and overall therapeutic efficacy. Biomedical applications of nanomedicine are diverse, addressing several critical areas, such as cancer treatment through passive and active targeting mechanisms, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ophthalmological conditions, and combating antibiotic resistance. Specifically, nanotherapeutics have shown promising results in treating Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases by offering targeted and site-specific drug delivery systems, thus reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes. In cancer treatment, nanomedicines such as Marqibo® (2012) (vincristine) and Myocet® (2000) (doxorubicin) have successfully transitioned from clinical trials to commercial availability, providing new options for oncogenic therapies that were otherwise hazardous and challenging to deliver. Moreover, natural polymers, particularly those derived from plants, are gaining popularity in nanodrug administration due to their affordability, non-toxicity, and efficacy. This trend reflects a broader movement towards safer and more effective nanodrug formulations. Nanotechnology’s potential to treat chronic illnesses through targeted drug delivery is undeniable, yet there remain significant challenges and limitations that must be addressed to fully realize its benefits. The review discusses the recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based nanodrug delivery and explores the current challenges and outlook for future advancements in nanomedicine. Despite the progress, there is a need for continued innovation to overcome existing hurdles, such as optimizing drug formulations for oral delivery and addressing resistance mechanisms. The future of nanomedicine promises to bring new technologies and treatments, continually expanding the possibilities for curing human diseases.
{"title":"Nanomedicine and drug delivery: A comprehensive review of applications and challenges","authors":"Kalpana Singh , Shiwani Singhal , Shilpa Pahwa , Vandana Arora Sethi , Shashank Sharma , Preeti Singh , R.D. Kale , S. Wazed Ali , Suresh Sagadevan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology is instrumental across various fields of life, offering transformative approaches to solving complex problems. At the core of this innovation is nanomedicine, a new field that leverages the unique properties of nanoparticles to revolutionize pharmaceutical delivery and clinical practices. Nanomedicine focuses on using nanoparticles as nanodrugs to create highly effective drug delivery systems, marking a significant advancement in treating various diseases. Several nanomaterials, already commercially accessible as pharmaceutical delivery agents, have shown substantial efficacy in clinical studies. Recent developments in nanomedicine have led to significant innovations, including nanomedicines based on natural products, carbon dots (CDs), nanorobots, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, and metal-based nanoparticles. Each of these advancements brings unique properties that enhance drug delivery, targeting, and overall therapeutic efficacy. Biomedical applications of nanomedicine are diverse, addressing several critical areas, such as cancer treatment through passive and active targeting mechanisms, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ophthalmological conditions, and combating antibiotic resistance. Specifically, nanotherapeutics have shown promising results in treating Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases by offering targeted and site-specific drug delivery systems, thus reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes. In cancer treatment, nanomedicines such as Marqibo® (2012) (vincristine) and Myocet® (2000) (doxorubicin) have successfully transitioned from clinical trials to commercial availability, providing new options for oncogenic therapies that were otherwise hazardous and challenging to deliver. Moreover, natural polymers, particularly those derived from plants, are gaining popularity in nanodrug administration due to their affordability, non-toxicity, and efficacy. This trend reflects a broader movement towards safer and more effective nanodrug formulations. Nanotechnology’s potential to treat chronic illnesses through targeted drug delivery is undeniable, yet there remain significant challenges and limitations that must be addressed to fully realize its benefits. The review discusses the recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based nanodrug delivery and explores the current challenges and outlook for future advancements in nanomedicine. Despite the progress, there is a need for continued innovation to overcome existing hurdles, such as optimizing drug formulations for oral delivery and addressing resistance mechanisms. The future of nanomedicine promises to bring new technologies and treatments, continually expanding the possibilities for curing human diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101408
A. Sangeetha , Adithi Ambli , B.M. Nagabhushana
Titania nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using chemical and natural solvents. Isopropanol is used as a chemical solvent for the reduction of ions. Further, Jasminum and Magnolia champaca flower extracts were individually used as natural solvents which acts as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The role of natural solvents over chemical solvents on the structure, phase, morphology, and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated. Synthesis using natural solvents led to rutile phase of TiO2 nanoparticles while, chemical synthesis produced anatase phase. Green synthesis yielded larger crystallite size TiO2 compared to chemical synthesis. Synthesized TiO2 exhibited PL emission centered at 397 nm with excitation 325 nm associated with weak emissions noticed at 450 nm, 470 nm, and 520 nm.
{"title":"Green and chemical synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles: An In-depth comparative analysis and photoluminescence study","authors":"A. Sangeetha , Adithi Ambli , B.M. Nagabhushana","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titania nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using chemical and natural solvents. Isopropanol is used as a chemical solvent for the reduction of ions. Further, Jasminum and Magnolia champaca flower extracts were individually used as natural solvents which acts as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The role of natural solvents over chemical solvents on the structure, phase, morphology, and optical properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were investigated. Synthesis using natural solvents led to rutile phase of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles while, chemical synthesis produced anatase phase. Green synthesis yielded larger crystallite size TiO<sub>2</sub> compared to chemical synthesis. Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited PL emission centered at 397 nm with excitation 325 nm associated with weak emissions noticed at 450 nm, 470 nm, and 520 nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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