Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献

Biogenic synthesis of Fe-Doped ZnO nanoplates for rapid photodegradation of chloramphenicol: Crystallographic, optical, and magnetic insights from experimental and computational studies 用于氯霉素快速光降解的fe掺杂ZnO纳米板的生物合成：来自实验和计算研究的晶体学、光学和磁性见解

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101616

Anik Molla , Hajara Akhter , Durjoy Datta Mazumdar , Sondip Ghosh , M. Humayan Kabir , Hasan Muhommod Robin , Mirza Samnar Walid , SK Fahim Tahmid Boni , Abdullah Al Mubin , Ridoy Khan , Chowdhury Sadid Alam , M.A. Islam

Herein, we report the biogenic fabrication of Fe_0.03Zn_0.97O (C-FZN) nanoplates using Citrus reticulata peel extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent, offering an environmentally benign substitute for traditional techniques. To explore the effect of calcination temperature, a systematic optimization (400–600 °C) was conducted to modulate phase purity, crystallinity, and structural attributes. X-ray diffraction analysis along with multi-model crystallite size calculation methods including Halder–Wagner model (H-W), Size–Strain Plot (SSP), and Sahadat–Scherrer (S-S) model-identified 500 °C as the optimal condition, yielding phase-pure wurtzite ZnO with (101) orientation, exhibiting crystallite sizes ranging from 17 to 21 nm. FESEM micrographs revealed the formation of well-defined nanoplates with an average lateral size of 88 nm and an average thickness of ∼18 nm. In addition, TEM analysis also revealed the irregular platelike morphology of C-FZN, with noticeable porosity. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different functional groups, while UV–vis spectroscopy indicated band gap narrowing (∼3.17 eV). Complementary DFT+U calculations predicted a further reduced band gap (∼2.2 eV) and the emergence of spin-polarized impurity states induced by Fe doping. Magnetic characterization revealed weak room-temperature ferromagnetism. Theoretical magnetic moments (∼3.64 μB) reinforced the intrinsic origin of ferromagnetism arising from Fe 3d states substituting Zn sites. The biogenic C-FZN exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic efficiency while degrading 84.23 % of chloramphenicol within 90 min. It further demonstrated remarkable reusability potential while retaining 80.96 % efficiency even after three consecutive cycles. Collectively, this study establishes a sustainable synthesis strategy for crystallographically engineered magnetic Fe-doped ZnO nanoplates, highlighting their promise as recyclable photocatalysts for mitigating antibiotic contamination in wastewater.

本文报道了以柑橘皮提取物为生物还原和稳定剂制备Fe0.03Zn0.97O （C-FZN）纳米板的方法，为传统工艺提供了一种环保的替代品。为了探究煅烧温度的影响，我们对煅烧温度进行了系统优化（400-600℃），以调节相纯度、结晶度和结构属性。x射线衍射分析以及包括Halder-Wagner模型（H-W）、尺寸-应变图（SSP）和Sahadat-Scherrer （S-S）模型在内的多模型晶粒尺寸计算方法确定，500℃为最佳条件，得到（101）取向的相纯细锌矿ZnO，晶粒尺寸在17 ~ 21 nm之间。FESEM显微照片显示形成了定义明确的纳米板，平均横向尺寸为88 nm，平均厚度为~ 18 nm。此外，TEM分析还发现C-FZN呈不规则片状，孔隙率明显。FTIR分析证实了不同官能团的存在，而UV-vis光谱显示带隙缩小（~ 3.17 eV）。互补DFT+U计算预测了带隙进一步减小（~ 2.2 eV），并出现了由Fe掺杂引起的自旋极化杂质态。磁性表征显示弱室温铁磁性。理论磁矩（~ 3.64 μB）强化了铁三维态取代锌位所产生的铁磁性的内在来源。生物源C-FZN表现出优异的光催化效率，在90 min内对氯霉素的降解率为84.23% %。它进一步显示了显著的可重用性潜力，即使在连续三次循环后仍保持80.96 %的效率。总的来说，本研究建立了一种可持续的晶体工程铁掺杂ZnO纳米板合成策略，突出了它们作为可回收光催化剂减轻废水中抗生素污染的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Next generation sustainable nanostructures for energy, sensing, and bio-integration 用于能源、传感和生物集成的下一代可持续纳米结构

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101615

Karuna Korgaonkar , Nagarjuna Prakash Dalbanjan , Sahil Sharma , Ratan Jadhav , S.K. Praveenkumar , Saidi Reddy Parne

This review explores the structural and chemical foundations of sustainable nanostructured materials, emphasizing their molecular configurations that govern multifunctional performance in energy, sensing, and bio-integrative applications. The discussion integrates recent progress in controlled synthesis, doping strategies, and advanced characterization using spectroscopic and other techniques to reveal correlations between atomic-scale arrangements, electronic distribution, and surface reactivity. Structural tailoring enables optimization of charge transport, optical absorption, and catalytic activity, fundamental for efficient energy conversion processes, high-performance sensors, and stable bio-interfaces. Sustainable approaches, such as green synthesis and lifecycle assessments, are emphasized as critical to addressing environmental concerns. Ethical concerns about safety, equity, and accessibility are emphasized as critical to the responsible use of these materials. Adaptive materials, nano-bio hybrids, and AI-driven innovations are the main answers to the problems of scalability, environmental impact, and interdisciplinary integration. Overall, this review highlights the collaboration between chemistry, physics, and biology to enable nanostructured materials in addressing global concerns in healthcare, energy, and sustainability. Nanostructures can lead to previously unheard-of scientific and societal breakthroughs by fusing state-of-the-art research with morally and environmentally responsible methods.

这篇综述探讨了可持续纳米结构材料的结构和化学基础，强调了它们的分子构型在能源、传感和生物集成应用中的多功能性能。讨论整合了控制合成、掺杂策略和先进表征的最新进展，利用光谱和其他技术揭示原子尺度排列、电子分布和表面反应性之间的相关性。结构定制可以优化电荷传输、光学吸收和催化活性，这是高效能量转换过程、高性能传感器和稳定生物界面的基础。强调可持续的方法，如绿色综合和生命周期评价，是解决环境问题的关键。关于安全、公平和可及性的伦理关注被强调为负责任地使用这些材料的关键。自适应材料、纳米生物混合材料和人工智能驱动的创新是解决可扩展性、环境影响和跨学科整合问题的主要答案。总的来说，这篇综述强调了化学、物理和生物学之间的合作，使纳米结构材料能够解决全球关注的医疗保健、能源和可持续性问题。通过将最先进的研究与对道德和环境负责的方法相结合，纳米结构可以带来以前闻所未闻的科学和社会突破。

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引用次数: 0

AuNPs/chitosan-functionalized silica aerogel nanocomposite from rice husk for high-performance Pb2+ sensing 壳聚糖/壳聚糖功能化二氧化硅气凝胶纳米复合材料对Pb2+的高性能传感

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101587

Quang Minh Pham , Cam Vi Dao Thi , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Anh-Tuan Vu

A novel AuNPs/chitosan/silica aerogel (Au/Cs/SA) nanocomposite was fabricated and applied as an efficient electrochemical sensor for Pb²⁺ detection. Silica aerogel synthesized from rice husk served as a lightweight, highly porous scaffold, providing large surface area and abundant adsorption sites. Chitosan acted as a biopolymer matrix to immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), prevent aggregation, and introduce amine and hydroxyl groups for strong Pb²⁺ chelation. Uniformly dispersed AuNPs (∼25–35 nm) further enhanced electron transfer and structural stability, while preserving the intrinsic porosity of the aerogel (252 m²/g compared to 267 m²/g for pure SA). Electrochemical analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in conductivity, with the modified electrode achieving a linear response in the range of 0.5–10 µM, a low detection limit of 0.167 µM, and excellent reproducibility (RSD = 0.76 %). Real-sample tests in tap and river water confirmed the sensor’s accuracy, with recovery rates of 98.22 and 106.65 %, respectively. The synergistic integration of AuNPs, chitosan, and silica aerogel resulted in a stable, sensitive, and environmentally sustainable sensing platform. This work provides a promising strategy for developing next-generation electrochemical sensors for monitoring Pb²⁺ and potentially other toxic heavy metals in complex aquatic environments.

制备了一种新型AuNPs/壳聚糖/二氧化硅气凝胶（Au/Cs/SA）纳米复合材料，并将其作为检测Pb2+的高效电化学传感器。以稻壳为原料合成的二氧化硅气凝胶具有体积大、吸附位点丰富、重量轻、多孔性强等优点。壳聚糖作为一种生物聚合物基质，可以固定金纳米粒子（AuNPs），防止聚集，并引入胺和羟基进行强Pb2+螯合。均匀分散的AuNPs（~ 25-35 nm）进一步增强了电子转移和结构稳定性，同时保持了气凝胶的固有孔隙度（252 m2/g，而纯SA为267 m2/g）。电化学分析表明，修饰电极的电导率显著提高，在0.5-10 µM范围内实现线性响应，低检出限为0.167 µM，重复性好（RSD = 0.76 %）。自来水和河水的实际样品测试证实了传感器的准确性，回收率分别为98.22%和106.65 %。AuNPs、壳聚糖和二氧化硅气凝胶的协同整合形成了一个稳定、敏感和环境可持续的传感平台。这项工作为开发下一代电化学传感器提供了一个有前途的策略，用于监测复杂水生环境中Pb2+和潜在的其他有毒重金属。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesized ZnO-Ag functionalized electrospun PAN nanofibers for efficient crystal violet dye removal: A combined experimental and computational approach 绿色合成ZnO-Ag功能化电纺丝PAN纳米纤维高效去除结晶紫染料：实验与计算相结合的方法

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101598

Sradhanjali Raut , Arpita Patro , Satyanarayan Dhal , Shraban Kumar Sahoo

In this work, the ZnO-Ag composite nanopowder was first synthesized greenly using plant leaf extract. Then PAN@ZnO-Ag nanofiber sheets were prepared using greenly synthesized nanopowder by the electrospinning method. The synthesized nanofiber sheets were used to remove Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. Computational molecular simulation was used to theoretically study the mechanical properties and the feasibility of the adsorption process. The formation of the hexagonal ZnO and cubic Ag on electrospun PAN nanofiber was confirmed via XRD peaks. The formation of ZnO-Ag nanoparticles with a size of 15–25 nm on the 1D PAN fibers surface, having a diameter of 210–270 nm was observed. A batch experiment was conducted to evaluate adsorption efficiency by adjusting the adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and the initial CV dye concentration. The adsorption rate and equilibration were evaluated by kinetic and isotherm studies. The adsorption mechanism followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model due to a high R² value with a maximum adsorption capacity of 128.91 mg/g at pH= 9. Kinetic evaluation indicated that the pseudo-first-order model gave the best fit to the experimental data. The bonding of CV dyes on adsorbent involves H-bonding, electrostatic interaction as well as π-π interaction. A higher negative adsorption energy indicates a more stable adsorption process.

本文首次以植物叶片提取物为原料，绿色合成了ZnO-Ag复合纳米粉体。然后采用静电纺丝法制备绿色合成纳米粉体PAN@ZnO-Ag纳米纤维片。将合成的纳米纤维片用于去除水溶液中的结晶紫（CV）染料。采用计算分子模拟的方法对吸附过程的力学性能和可行性进行了理论研究。通过XRD峰分析，证实了静电纺PAN纳米纤维上形成了六方ZnO和立方Ag。在一维PAN纤维表面形成了粒径为210 ~ 270 nm、粒径为15 ~ 25 nm的ZnO-Ag纳米颗粒。通过调整吸附剂剂量、pH、接触时间和初始CV染料浓度，进行了批量吸附实验。通过动力学和等温线研究评价了吸附速率和平衡。吸附机理符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型，在pH= 9时，R2值较高，最大吸附量为128.91 mg/g。动力学评价表明，拟一阶模型与实验数据拟合最好。CV染料在吸附剂上的成键包括h键、静电相互作用和π-π相互作用。负吸附能越高，吸附过程越稳定。

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引用次数: 0

Ag nanoparticles via PVP synthesis: Evidence of nanohydrogel formation, characterization, and review of nanomedicine applications 通过PVP合成银纳米粒子：纳米水凝胶形成的证据，表征和纳米医学应用的回顾

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101601

Nina Bogdanchikova , Jorge Noé Díaz de León , Mario Humberto Farías Sánchez , Gustavo Alonso Hirata Flores , Miguel Ángel Pastrana Corral , Alexey Pestryakov , Diana Garibo Ruiz

In this work, the characterization of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their applications in nanomedicine are discussed. Several reports in the literature mentioned that AgNPs (Argovit™) possess high biomedical activity, high stability, and low toxicity; however, the reasons for these properties are still unclear. Therefore, five lots of AgNPs prepared under various conditions were investigated via HRTEM, UVvisible spectroscopy, XPS, and luminescence techniques. The results revealed a series of experimental findings inconsistent with the current AgNP model reported, including a Ag core capped by PVP molecules. Here, we propose a novel structural model for AgNP formulations that is in good agreement with the physicochemical characterization, which consists of PVP nanohydrogels incorporating Ag cores and/or Ag cores capped by PVP molecules.

本文讨论了银纳米粒子的性质及其在纳米医学中的应用。文献中的几篇报道提到AgNPs （Argovit™）具有高生物医学活性、高稳定性和低毒性；然而，产生这些特性的原因尚不清楚。因此，采用HRTEM、紫外可见光谱、XPS和发光技术对不同条件下制备的5批AgNPs进行了研究。结果揭示了一系列与目前报道的AgNP模型不一致的实验发现，包括由PVP分子覆盖的Ag核。在这里，我们提出了一种新的AgNP配方结构模型，该模型与物理化学特性非常吻合，它由包含Ag核和/或由PVP分子覆盖的Ag核的PVP纳米水凝胶组成。

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and self-assembly behavior investigation of paclitaxel-riboflavin conjugates for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells 靶向给药肿瘤细胞紫杉醇-核黄素偶联物的合成及自组装行为研究

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101588

Dmitry V. Beigulenko , Vladimir O. Orlov , Ekaterina S. Kazakova , Inna V. Zhezher , Aleksander S. Peregudov , Julia A. Malinovskaya , Konstantin A. Kochetkov

Paclitaxel is one of the commonly used anticancer drugs, however it has two major drawbacks such as low solubility and selectivity towards tumor cells. A promising approach to mitigating these problems is the development of targeted paclitaxel delivery systems based on its conjugates, capable of self-assembly. Herein we present novel paclitaxel-riboflavin conjugates that form spherical nanoparticles, which can be simply prepared by nanoprecipitation technique. The nanostructures are characterized by narrow size distribution and colloidal stability. Such nanoparticles can be considered as potential delivery systems for paclitaxel.

紫杉醇是常用的抗癌药物之一，但其对肿瘤细胞的溶解度和选择性较低。缓解这些问题的一个有希望的方法是基于其偶联物的靶向紫杉醇递送系统的发展，能够自组装。本文提出了一种新的紫杉醇-核黄素缀合物，它可以形成球形纳米颗粒，可以通过纳米沉淀法简单地制备。纳米结构具有尺寸分布窄、胶体稳定性好等特点。这种纳米颗粒可以被认为是紫杉醇的潜在递送系统。

引用次数: 0

Surface plasmon resonance and optical enhancement field properties of single and dimers gold nanoparticles in the proximity a graphene structure 单、二聚金纳米粒子在石墨烯结构附近的表面等离子体共振和光学增强场特性

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101617

E. Farkouch , A. Akouibaa , R. Masrour , M. Benhamou , A. El Assyry

The integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with graphene (Gr) enables the development of hybrid materials with remarkable properties, offering new prospects for innovative applications across various scientific and technological fields. However, ongoing research still aims to optimize fabrication processes, stability, and performance of these plasmonic composites. A major challenge lies in understanding the influence of interactions between graphene and AuNPs on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this work, we investigate, using the finite element method (FEM), the plasmonic and electronic properties of AuNP–Gr hybrid structures under different configurations. The intrinsic anisotropy of graphene’s two-dimensional structure allows for several geometries to be considered, including: an AuNP in the vicinity of a Gr sheet, an AuNP confined between two Gr sheets, a core–shell structure, and two coupled AuNPs near Gr sheets. For all these configurations, the SPR characteristics and near-field enhancement capabilities under electromagnetic excitation are analyzed and optimized. The results demonstrate great flexibility in controlling the plasmonic response of AuNP–Gr nanostructures. In particular, the spectral position of the SPR peak can be tuned by modifying the geometric configuration, while the amplitude of near-field enhancement is strongly influenced by the electromagnetic environment induced by Gr, promoting field confinement at the metal-Gr interfaces. Moreover, the orientation of the system relative to the direction and polarization of the incident field plays a decisive role in the excitation of plasmonic modes. These findings highlight the potential of AuNP–Gr nanohybrids for applications in plasmonic sensing, nanophotonics, and nonlinear optics.

金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）与石墨烯（Gr）的结合，使得具有卓越性能的混合材料得以发展，为各种科技领域的创新应用提供了新的前景。然而，正在进行的研究仍然旨在优化这些等离子体复合材料的制造工艺、稳定性和性能。一个主要的挑战在于理解石墨烯和AuNPs之间的相互作用对表面等离子体共振（SPR）的影响。本文采用有限元方法研究了不同构型下AuNP-Gr杂化结构的等离子体和电子特性。石墨烯二维结构的固有各向异性允许考虑几种几何形状，包括：在Gr片附近的AuNP，被限制在两个Gr片之间的AuNP，核-壳结构，以及在Gr片附近的两个耦合AuNP。针对这三种构型，分析并优化了电磁激励下的SPR特性和近场增强能力。结果表明，在控制AuNP-Gr纳米结构的等离子体响应方面具有很大的灵活性。特别是，SPR峰的光谱位置可以通过改变几何构型来调整，而近场增强的幅度受Gr诱导的电磁环境的强烈影响，促进了金属-Gr界面处的场约束。此外，系统的取向相对于入射场的方向和偏振对等离子体模式的激发起决定性作用。这些发现突出了AuNP-Gr纳米杂化材料在等离子体传感、纳米光子学和非线性光学方面的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting effects of ultrasonic modification on the structure, luminescence, and biocompatibility of isostructural Terbium- and Erbium-based MOFs 超声修饰对等结构铽基和铒基mof的结构、发光和生物相容性的对比影响

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101589

Sandra Loera-Serna , Diana L. Sanchéz-Moreno , Rubén Ruiz-Ramos , Efrain Garrido , G. Alarcón-Flores , Ismael Garduño-Wilches

This research details the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of two isostructural lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), Tb₂BDC₃ and Er₂BDC₃, prepared using a cost-effective room-temperature stirring method. Post-synthetic ultrasonic treatment (for 5, 10, and 15 min) was applied to modulate their physicochemical and functional properties. For the Tb₂BDC₃ MOF, PXRD confirmed structural integrity while crystal size was successfully reduced from 66.42 nm to as low as 37.96 nm. SEM confirmed the preserved needle-like morphology, and EDX verified stable elemental composition. This size reduction significantly enhanced its luminescent properties, more than doubling the quantum yield from 27.59 % to over 57 % (reaching 58.73 % with 5 min of sonication) alongside a significant increase in emission intensity and lifetime. In contrast, the initial Er₂BDC₃ material was synthesized as a metastable two-phase mixture. While sonication promoted a shift toward the stable QACTUJ phase, stability studies revealed that exposure to biological media included a complete structural transformation into a single, stable crystalline phase (PXRD). This reorganization was supported by FTIR evidence of phosphate incorporation and corresponding changes in the UV-Vis-NIR absorption profile. Biological compatibility assessments (Alamar Blue) demonstrated that neither MOF induced cytotoxicity or inhibited HaCaT cells proliferation at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL. These multi-technique findings highlight the effectiveness of ultrasonic modification for tuning the optical properties of Ln-MOFs and underscore their robust stability and excellent biocompatibility, positioning them as promising candidates for a safe and effective platform in bio-imaging and sensing applications.

本研究详细介绍了采用经济高效的室温搅拌法制备的Tb₂BDC₃和Er₂BDC₃两种镧系金属有机骨架（Ln-MOFs）的合成和综合表征。合成后的超声波处理（5、10和15 min）用于调节其物理化学和功能性质。对于Tb₂BDC₃MOF， PXRD证实其结构完整，晶体尺寸从66.42 nm降至37.96 nm。SEM和EDX证实其元素组成稳定。这种尺寸的减小显著增强了它的发光性能，量子产率从27.59 %增加到57 %以上（在5 min的超声下达到58.73 %），同时显著增加了发射强度和寿命。相比之下，最初的Er₂BDC₃材料被合成为亚稳的两相混合物。虽然超声波促进了QACTUJ向稳定相的转变，但稳定性研究表明，暴露于生物介质中包括完整的结构转变为单一、稳定的结晶相（PXRD）。FTIR中磷酸盐掺入的证据和相应的紫外-可见-近红外吸收谱的变化支持了这种重组。生物相容性评估（Alamar Blue）表明，MOF在浓度高达100 µg/mL时既不会诱导细胞毒性，也不会抑制HaCaT细胞的增殖。这些多技术的发现突出了超声波修饰对调整ln - mof光学特性的有效性，强调了它们强大的稳定性和出色的生物相容性，使它们成为生物成像和传感应用中安全有效的平台的有希望的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic efficiency of nickel-doped copper ferrite in organic dye decomposition 掺镍铁氧体铜在有机染料分解中的光催化效率

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101603

Julia Mazurenko , Larysa Kaykan , Sijo A K , Antoni Zywczak , Mateusz Marzec , Liliia Turovska , Katarina Hreus

Nickel-substituted copper ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a citrate–nitrate sol-gel autocombustion route and evaluated as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes. X-ray diffraction confirmed that all compositions crystallized into a cubic spinel structure (Fd3m), with crystallite sizes in the nanoscale range. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that Fe^3 + ions were predominant and distributed across tetrahedral and octahedral sites, while Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ preferentially occupied octahedral positions. BET analysis revealed specific surface areas of 7–16 m²/g, with Cu-rich samples exhibiting higher porosity. Magnetic measurements confirmed magnetic behavior for all Cu_1-xNi_xFe₂O₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) samples, with saturation magnetization increasing from 28.7 emu g⁻¹ to 58.9 emu g⁻¹, ensuring efficient magnetic separation and reusability of the nanoparticles in photocatalytic applications. Optical studies demonstrated a systematic increase in the direct band gap energy from 1.80 eV for CuFe₂O₄ to 2.29 eV for NiFe₂O₄, correlating with decreased Urbach energies and suggesting improved structural order with Ni incorporation. Photocatalytic efficiency was investigated using Methylene Blue (MB), Congo Red (CR), and Malachite Green (MG) under visible light and H₂O₂. The maximum degradation rate was observed for Cu_0.8Ni_0.2Fe₂O₄ at pH 10 with k_L–H = 0.080 min⁻¹ and 99 % MB removal within 180 min, while CR degradation peaked at x = 0.4 (96 %) and MG at x ≥ 0.4 (k_L–H = 0.115 min⁻¹, ∼99 % removal). The catalysts maintained over 95 % activity after five reuse cycles, confirming excellent structural stability and magnetic recoverability. These findings demonstrate that Cu/Ni co-substitution effectively tunes the band structure, enhances redox activity, and enables sustainable photocatalytic performance for wastewater treatment applications.

采用柠檬酸盐-硝酸盐溶胶-凝胶自燃烧的方法成功合成了镍取代铁酸铜纳米颗粒，并对其作为降解有机染料的光催化剂进行了评价。x射线衍射证实，所有成分结晶成立方尖晶石结构（Fd3m），晶粒尺寸在纳米级范围内。x射线光电子能谱显示，Fe3 +离子占主导地位，分布在四面体和八面体位置，而Ni2+和Cu2+优先占据八面体位置。BET分析显示，比表面积为7-16 m2/g，富cu样品具有较高的孔隙度。磁性测量证实了所有Cu1-xNixFe2O4（0 ≤x ≤ 1.0）样品的磁性行为，饱和磁化强度从28.7 emu g−1增加到58.9 emu g−1，确保了纳米颗粒在光催化应用中的高效磁分离和可重复使用。光学研究表明，CuFe2O4的直接带隙能量从1.80 eV增加到NiFe2O4的2.29 eV，这与Urbach能量的降低有关，表明Ni的掺入改善了结构秩序。研究了亚甲基蓝（MB）、刚果红（CR）和孔雀石绿（MG）在可见光和H2O2下的光催化效率。最高降解率为观察与kL-H Cu0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 pH值10 = 0.080  分钟−1和99 % MB 180 分钟内删除,而CR退化达到峰值0.4 x = (96 %)和MG x ≥0.4 (kL-H = 0.115 分钟−1∼99 %去除)。经过5次循环使用后，催化剂的活性保持在95% %以上，具有良好的结构稳定性和磁性可恢复性。这些发现表明，Cu/Ni共取代有效地调整了能带结构，增强了氧化还原活性，并使废水处理应用的光催化性能可持续。

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引用次数: 0

Hyalurosomes nanoformulation strategies for intra-articular and localized drug delivery: Transforming the management of osteoarthritis 关节内和局部给药的透明质体纳米配方策略：改变骨关节炎的管理

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101605

Md. Azhar , Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar , Javedh Shareef , Tarun Wadhwa , Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan Meenakshi , Rishabha Malviya

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that leads to impaired function and chronic pain in joints. Existing medications are symptomatic and have weak joint retention and may cause systemic drug side effects. This review discusses hyalurosomes, lipid vesicles combined with hyaluronic acid (HA), as potential future intra-articular (IA) delivery systems to provide improved targeting of cartilage, longer residence times, and the possibility of combination therapy in OA. The review is performed by a comprehensive search (cut-off: 25 August 2025) via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, publisher platforms (MDPI, Elsevier, SpringerLink), preprint servers, clinical trial registries, regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, CDSCO), patent databases (Google Patents, WIPO, USPTO), conference proceedings, and gray literature including manufacturer labels and SSEDs. The results show that hyalurosomes exhibit improved IA sustained release, lower systemic exposure, and enhanced cartilage penetration compared to standard liposomes and soluble drugs. Combining visco-supplementation with controlled pharmacotherapy, such as a dual-function design, offers potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic benefits, including analgesic and chondroprotective effects in preclinical models. However, the limited number of studies may lead to varied findings. The main challenges for clinical translation include scale-up feasibility, sterilization issues, and regulatory uncertainty. Hyalurosomes are a biologically rational delivery system that could help localize multimodal therapy and bring OA treatment closer to disease-modifying options. There is a need to address manufacturing, stability, and uniform preclinical criteria before clinical trials can be used to determine efficacy and facilitate global adoption. Future research should involve controlled animal studies, pharmacokinetics, and patient outcome-focused assessments.

骨关节炎（OA）是一种导致关节功能受损和慢性疼痛的疾病。现有的药物是有症状的，关节保留力弱，可能引起全身药物副作用。这篇综述讨论了透明质体、脂质囊泡与透明质酸（HA）联合作为未来潜在的关节内（IA）递送系统，以提供更好的软骨靶向性、更长的停留时间和OA联合治疗的可能性。通过PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Embase、出版商平台（MDPI、Elsevier、SpringerLink）、预印服务器、临床试验注册、监管机构（FDA、EMA、CDSCO）、专利数据库（谷歌Patents、WIPO、USPTO）、会议记录和灰色文献（包括制造商标签和sds）进行综合检索（截止日期：2025年8月25日）。结果表明，与标准脂质体和可溶性药物相比，透明质体表现出更好的IA持续释放，更低的全身暴露和增强的软骨穿透。将黏液补充与控制药物治疗相结合，如双重功能设计，在临床前模型中提供潜在的药代动力学和药效学益处，包括止痛和软骨保护作用。然而，有限的研究数量可能导致不同的发现。临床翻译的主要挑战包括扩大可行性、灭菌问题和监管不确定性。透明质体是一种生物学上合理的传递系统，可以帮助定位多模式治疗，使OA治疗更接近于疾病改善方案。在临床试验用于确定疗效和促进全球采用之前，需要解决生产、稳定性和统一的临床前标准问题。未来的研究应包括对照动物研究、药代动力学和以患者结果为中心的评估。

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