Unraveling chromism-induced marvels in energy storage systems

Color is a property directly discernible by our eyes, making it perceptually conspicuous. Changes in color, whether achromatic (from white to black) or chromatic (from colorless to colored or between different colors), are easily detectable by people with normal vision or through simple spectrophotometric instruments. The categorization of chromogenic systems reveals various mechanisms of chromism. Applications photochromic, thermochromic, and electrochromic materials have been extensively discussed, including their behavior, mechanisms, and limitations. In the landscape of future energy storage systems, the significance of chromisms transcends conventional boundaries, promising transformative impacts on energy efficiency, management strategies, and sustainability. Chromic materials, endowed with their dynamic color-changing attributes, emerge as catalysts for innovation across diverse applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, and smart windows. This review aspires to offer a comprehensive exposition on the intrinsic chromism phenomena within energy storage systems. Commencing with a succinct overview of chromism phenomena and their nuanced formation mechanisms, the narrative seamlessly transitions to an exhaustive scrutiny of recent strides. This exploration encompasses a thorough examination of the components, intricate structures, and diverse properties characterizing chromism phenomena.