Application of Fe3O4@SiO2-Phen-Pd(0) Nanocomposite as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Ecofriendly Synthesis of Benzothiazole Amides

In the present work, a phenanthroline based Palladium(0) complex was synthesized using post synthetic functionalization of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core shell MNPS via 1,10-phenanthroline-4,7-dicarboxylic acid as the ligand for coordination to Pd(0). The characterization of the resulting Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Phen-Pd(0) nanocomposite was performed using several techniques and was successfully employed as an efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for synthesizing benzothiazole amides via the reaction of 2-amino benzothiazoles with aryl and heteroaryl iodides and Mo(CO)₆ as the carbonyl source in glycerol at 100 °C. In the mentioned catalytic system, the intended products were obtained with good to excellent yields along with high selectivity. The heterogeneous Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Phen-Pd(0) nanocatalyst can be recovered easily using an external magnet and recycled six times with no notable decrease in catalytic activity. Moreover, several techniques were used to characterize the recovered Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Phen-Pd(0) nanocatalyst and it was demonstrated that the catalyst maintained its structure intact following the recovery process.

Graphical Abstract