Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials最新文献

In the present investigation, we have successfully synthesized pristine cobalt oxide and zinc cobalt oxide nanostructures using the hydrothermal method followed by annealing treatment. The XRD study confirms the formation of the cubic spinel phase of cobalt oxide, and Zn-modified cobalt oxide samples exhibited minor lattice expansion supports the formation of zinc cobalt oxide. Further, the FTIR study confirms the structural integrity of cobalt oxide as well as zinc cobalt oxide. The morphological study using FESEM reveals that after Zn incorporation change in morphology, i.e., from nanosheet to nanoporous interconnected nanoparticles, was observed. An EIS study was employed to study the capacitive behavior and charge transfer kinetics of the pristine cobalt oxide and zinc cobalt oxide electrodes. The electrochemical performance was evaluated through CV and GCD measurements in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. The optimized ZNC-20 electrode exhibited the highest sp. capacitance of 549 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻² and excellent cyclic stability of 81.16% over 5000 GCD cycles. Further, ZNC-20 electrodes reported excellent glucose sensitivity of 382 µA mM cm⁻². The overall structural, morphological, and electrochemical investigation confirms the Zn incorporation in pristine cobalt oxide, leading to superior electrochemical supercapacitor as well as non-enzymatic glucose biosensing performance.

Heavy metal pollution poses a significant threat to environmental and human health. Despite recent advancements in nanofiltration technologies, further innovations are essential to optimize both the heavy metal removal efficiency and hydraulic performance of the nanocomposite membranes. Herein, A TiO₂-nZVI nanocomposite was synthesized by impregnating titania (TiO₂) with nano zero valent iron (nZVI) via chemical reduction method and subsequently integrated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes via phase inversion technique. Five distinct membrane configurations were fabricated by varying the nanocomposite loadings. The physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite performance of these membranes were evaluated via various characterization techniques including FESEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, XPS, TGA, water contact angle, solvent content analysis, pure water flux and Pb²⁺ removal. The optimal PVDF-TiO₂-nZVI membrane was determined via detailed performance evaluation at 10ppm Pb²⁺ concentration. Influence of concentration on optimum membrane performance was investigated by varying Pb²⁺ concentrations. The removal efficiencies of the PVDF- TiO₂-nZVI membranes were found consistent (> 80% across all membranes) with optimum membrane (A4) achieving 91% Pb²⁺ removal with a sustained hydraulic property during the filtration operation.

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The study describes the synthesis of a novel chitosan-ZnO/CaO nanocomposite hydrogel via a simple and environmentally friendly sol–gel technique. This method facilitates uniform distribution of ZnO/CaO nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix, optimizing its dual functionality for dye removal. The hydrogel exhibits strong adsorption capacity, initially capturing dye molecules such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) onto its surface, then under UV irradiation, the embedded ZnO/CaO nanoparticles catalyze the photocatalytic degradation of the adsorbed dyes. Characterization via FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed successful integration and structural integrity. The composite hydrogel achieved 98% degradation of MB and 96% of RhB at neutral pH 7.0. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order behavior, while adsorption data aligned with the Langmuir model. Negative Gibbs free energy values (− 13.7 kJ/mol for MB and − 12.9 kJ/mol for RhB) confirmed the spontaneity of the process. The hydrogel retained high performance after five cycles, with 88% MB and 85% RhB degradation efficiency, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. These results highlight the hydrogel’s potential for industrial wastewater treatment.

In this study, we synthesized a series of metalloporphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymers (MPor-Tp-CMPs) through a Schiff base condensation reaction between triformyl phloroglucinol (Tp) and metallated tetraaminophenyl porphyrins (CoTAPor, NiTAPor, ZnTAPor). The CMPs were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and applied for electrochemical detection of para—hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA). It was found that the change in the central metal ions in MPor-Tp-CMPs had a significant effect on the catalytic performance of CMPs, and CoTAPor had the most excellent catalytic property. Under optimized experimental conditions (PBS, pH 7, catalyst loading 70.7 µg.cm^− 2), the CoPor-Tp-CMP/GCE sensor exhibited the highest oxidation peak current toward pHBA, which was attributed to the catalytic activity of the cobalt (II) and extended π-conjugated system. A good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 2 µM to 125 µM, with the sensitivity, limit of detection (LoD), and limit of quantification (LoQ) of 0.180 µA.µM^− 1.cm^− 2, 1.13 µM, and 3.79 µM, respectively, for CoPor-Tp-CMP/GCE. The sensor showed good reproducibility over multiple electrode fabrications.

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PVA/gelatin hydrogels are biocompatible polymer networks with wide range of application in bone tissue engineering. The hydrogel was incorporated with Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) at the concentration of 0.1, 1, and 5 mg by solvent casting method to improve osteogenic property. Water uptake and biodegradability was assessed by swelling and degradation studies. SeNPs formation was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and particle size analyser to prove crystallite nature, morphology and particle size. The functional group interactions in hydrogel was identified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The material stability was validated by rheological, thermogravimetric, and mechanical analysis. Further, osteogenic property was evaluated by cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization assays. SeNPs-loaded hydrogels showed osteo-inductivity in concentration-dependent manner with increased cell proliferation, ALP release and calcium deposition. Thus, hydrogel exhibited potent physicochemical stability and biocompatibility providing evidence for supporting bone regeneration.

In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation method and surface functionalized with four hydrophilic biopolymers: polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and chitosan. A systematic comparative evaluation was performed to understand how each polymer influences nanoparticle morphology, oxidation resistance, colloidal stability, and magnetic performance. The comprehensive characterization using FTIR, SEM, DLS, zeta potential analysis, VSM, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and AC/DC magnetization confirmed the successful surface modification and phase stability of magnetite and hematite structures. All polymer coatings effectively reduced agglomeration and synthesized nanoparticles predominantly in a spherical shape, with diameters ranging from 30 to 80 nm. Magnetic measurements revealed the retention of superparamagnetic behaviour, with saturation magnetization values ranging from 39.1 to 56.1 A·m²/kg. Among all, chitosan-coated SPIONs exhibited superior colloidal stability and biocompatibility due to strong interfacial polymer-surface interactions. The novelty of this work lies in the direct and systematic comparison of four widely used biopolymer coatings under identical synthesis and analysis conditions, providing mechanistic insights into how surface chemistry governs magnetic functionality. Overall, this tunable surface-engineering approach enhances the biomedical potential of SPIONs, paving the way for their application in targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and hyperthermia-based theranostics.

Serine-alkaline proteases are indispensable biocatalysts in detergent, food, leather, and textile industries, yet their industrial deployment is severely constrained by poor stability across wide pH, temperature, and chemical stressor ranges. A serine-alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis DR8806 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity (38 kDa single band on SDS-PAGE and zymography) with an overall yield of 40.8% and 39.5-fold purification. The purified enzyme exhibited typical subtilisin characteristics: optimum activity at pH 8.0 and 45 °C, Km ≈ 0.45 mg/mL and Vmax = 282 U/mg. The protease was successfully immobilized on biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, 35–55 nm) and hematite iron nanoparticles (FeNPs, 40–70 nm), both in the absence and presence of Ca²⁺. Immobilization, particularly on FeNPs + Ca²⁺, markedly enhanced catalytic performance (Vmax = 278 U/mg, Km = 0.38 mg/mL, catalytic efficiency 1.8-fold higher than the free enzyme), thermostability (retaining > 50% activity at 75 °C vs. 65 °C for free enzyme), pH tolerance, and resistance to inhibitors (EDTA, β-mercaptoethanol), organic solvents, surfactants, and oxidants. Notably, the FeNPs + Ca²⁺ conjugate retained 91.2% of initial activity after 12 consecutive cycles and > 90% activity after 60 days of storage at 4 °C, values significantly superior to most reported immobilized Bacillus proteases. These results highlight the synergistic effect of calcium-mediated stabilization and nanoparticle immobilization, making the FeNPs + Ca²⁺–protease conjugate a highly promising biocatalyst for detergent, leather, and pharmaceutical applications requiring robust, reusable enzymes under harsh industrial conditions.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is crucial for optimizing the treatment of staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, ensuring effectiveness and preventing the development of resistant bacterial strains, typically requiring linezolid (LIN) therapy. A novel electrochemical nanosensor was developed based on a carbon paste electrode modified with Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide/graphitic carbon nitride (NiFe LDH-GCN/CPE) for the sensitive and selective quantification of the anti-pneumonia drug LIN in human plasma. For this purpose, NiFe-LDH was synthesized using a hydrothermal method, while GCN was prepared through the thermal condensation of melamine. The obtained nanostructures were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption measurements, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Subsequently, the electrochemical behavior of the prepared electrodes was investigated using a range of analytical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CHA), chronocoulometry (CHC), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The modified carbon paste electrode (NiFe LDH-GCN/CPE) exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity, low charge transfer resistance (R_ct ≈ 360 Ω and a large electroactive surface area (0.86 cm²). The quantification of LIN in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was carried out using the fabricated nanosensor under optimized conditions determined by response surface methodology, including pH 7.0, a scan rate of 0.05 V s^− 1, and 0.04 g of NiFe–LDH and GCN incorporated into the sensor composition. The catalytic rate constant (k_cat) and diffusion coefficient (D) were determined to be 1.7 × 10⁸ cm³ mol^− 1 s^− 1, and 1.17 × 10^− 8 cm² s^− 1, respectively. The NiFe LDH-GCN/CPE showed superior performance with SWV, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 µM and a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 0.30-133.02 µM. In contrast, CV had an LOD of 0.41 µM and an LDR of 1.34–142.28 µM, indicating that SWV provides better sensitivity and a wider range for LIN detection. The practical applicability of the nanosensor was demonstrated by successfully quantifying LIN in human serum samples, with recovery rates ranging from 98.2% to 102.2% and RSD values of less than 2.6%. The fabricated nanosensor demonstrated satisfactory selectivity, favorable repeatability, and reproducibility, making it a reliable analytical tool for quantifying LIN in biological matrices.

The current trend of extensive industrialization has elevated protecting and preserving the environment to one of humanity’s most pressing challenges. To efficiently break down the hazardous Ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollutant found in industrial effluents, this study synthesizes a novel S-scheme quaternary WO₃/Ag/Ag₂O@RGO photocatalyst using a simple hydrothermal method. Using sophisticated analytical techniques, the synthesized photocatalysts were evaluated for their crystalline phases, bond stretching and bending modes, surface morphology, elemental composition, chemical oxidation states, light absorption characteristics, stability of nanoparticles, specific surface area, and structural features. The visible light and the catalytic efficiency of the quaternary WO₃/Ag/Ag₂O@RGO photocatalyst demonstrated a significant improvement relative to the pristine WO₃. WO₃/Ag/Ag₂O@RGO’s photocatalytic degradation efficiency (97.40%, k = 0.0190 min^− 1) was 1.8 times higher than that of pristine WO₃ after 80 min. The excellent electron transport and mobility on the RGO layers’ surface enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency, effectively supporting the separation of photoexcited charge carriers. According to the results, the innovative S-scheme quaternary WO₃/Ag/Ag₂O@RGO photocatalyst is a cost-effective of treating contaminated water and may serve as a model material for reducing water pollution.