到达时间与检测时间

IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI:10.1007/s10701-024-00798-y
Sheldon Goldstein, Roderich Tumulka, Nino Zanghì
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如何计算探测时间的概率分布,即探测器记录为量子粒子到达时间的概率分布,是一个争论已久的问题。在这方面,玻密力学以一种直接的方式提供了在没有探测器的情况下,粒子实际到达三维空间中给定表面的时间分布。然而,正如我们在此讨论的那样,由于探测器的存在会改变波函数的演化,从而改变粒子轨迹,因此不能想当然地认为没有探测器时的玻色轨迹到达时间与有探测器时的到达时间一致,更不能认为与探测时间一致。我们特别解释了为什么达斯和杜尔(Sci. Rep. 9: 2242, 2019)在假设上述三个时间重合的基础上,将某些分布作为有自旋情况下的探测时间分布,实际上并非玻密力学所预言的那样。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Arrival Times Versus Detection Times

How to compute the probability distribution of a detection time, i.e., of the time which a detector registers as the arrival time of a quantum particle, is a long-debated problem. In this regard, Bohmian mechanics provides in a straightforward way the distribution of the time at which the particle actually does arrive at a given surface in 3-space in the absence of detectors. However, as we discuss here, since the presence of detectors can change the evolution of the wave function and thus the particle trajectories, it cannot be taken for granted that the arrival time of the Bohmian trajectories in the absence of detectors agrees with the one in the presence of detectors, and even less with the detection time. In particular, we explain why certain distributions that Das and Dürr (Sci. Rep. 9: 2242, 2019) presented as the distribution of the detection time in a case with spin, based on assuming that all three times mentioned coincide, are actually not what Bohmian mechanics predicts.

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来源期刊
Foundations of Physics
Foundations of Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
104
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The conceptual foundations of physics have been under constant revision from the outset, and remain so today. Discussion of foundational issues has always been a major source of progress in science, on a par with empirical knowledge and mathematics. Examples include the debates on the nature of space and time involving Newton and later Einstein; on the nature of heat and of energy; on irreversibility and probability due to Boltzmann; on the nature of matter and observation measurement during the early days of quantum theory; on the meaning of renormalisation, and many others. Today, insightful reflection on the conceptual structure utilised in our efforts to understand the physical world is of particular value, given the serious unsolved problems that are likely to demand, once again, modifications of the grammar of our scientific description of the physical world. The quantum properties of gravity, the nature of measurement in quantum mechanics, the primary source of irreversibility, the role of information in physics – all these are examples of questions about which science is still confused and whose solution may well demand more than skilled mathematics and new experiments. Foundations of Physics is a privileged forum for discussing such foundational issues, open to physicists, cosmologists, philosophers and mathematicians. It is devoted to the conceptual bases of the fundamental theories of physics and cosmology, to their logical, methodological, and philosophical premises. The journal welcomes papers on issues such as the foundations of special and general relativity, quantum theory, classical and quantum field theory, quantum gravity, unified theories, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, cosmology, and similar.
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