Densities, Surface Tensions, and Viscosities of Molten High‐Silicon Electrical Steels with Different Silicon Contents

Density, surface tension, and viscosity of various liquid electrical steels are measured at different temperatures, varying in their silicon content between 3 and 6 mass%. Density and surface tension are determined using the maximum bubble pressure method, while viscosity is investigated comparatively using a vibrating finger viscometer and an oscillating crucible viscometer. The results are compared with models known from the literature. Based on this, the density of the steel [ρ] = kg m−3 and the surface tension [σ] = N m−1 can be described as a function of temperature [θ] = °C and silicon content [Si] = mass% using the equations: , . There is a lack of experimental data in the literature for high‐temperature thermophysical properties for electrical steels. This underlines once again the novelty and significance of this study, as the determined thermophysical properties are essential for a wide range of applications. For instance, they are crucial in the production of metallic powders for additive manufacturing by atomization to adjust the properties of the powders precisely. The findings are also important for steelmaking itself, as the corrosion behavior of refractory material can be better determined.