Huda F. Khalil, Shams A. M. Issa, Sherif G. Elsharkawy, Roya Boudaghi Malidarreh, Sara Gad, Ali Badawi, Fatma Fakhry, Hesham M. H. Zakaly
{"title":"掺杂 Gd3+ 的 ZMF-尖晶铁氧体的发展:结构、磁光增强以及高科技应用中卓越的伽马射线屏蔽性能","authors":"Huda F. Khalil, Shams A. M. Issa, Sherif G. Elsharkawy, Roya Boudaghi Malidarreh, Sara Gad, Ali Badawi, Fatma Fakhry, Hesham M. H. Zakaly","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06520-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this investigation, the incorporation of Gd<sup>3+</sup> ions into ZMF-spinel ferrites through the citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method significantly modified their structural, magneto-optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties. Doping levels were varied across samples labeled ZMF0 to ZMF4 with Gd3+ concentrations ranging from 0.000 to 0.100. Advanced characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS, alongside UV-vis spectroscopy and VSM measurements, highlighted the profound impact of Gd<sup>3+</sup> doping. Notably, the incorporation of Gd<sup>3+</sup> led to nano-sized cubic structures with an optimized crystallite size of 19.82 nm in the ZMF4 sample, and a notable reduction in the band gap from 3.21 eV to 2.99 eV was observed, indicative of enhanced electronic properties. Magnetic analysis revealed a transition towards superparamagnetic behavior, with a decrease in coercivity and squareness ratios, suggesting applications in areas such as data storage and optical waveguides. Furthermore, the study leveraged FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations to assess the gamma-ray shielding efficiency of these materials. It was found that increasing Gd<sup>3+</sup> concentration or sample thickness markedly improved radiation attenuation, highlighting the material’s enhanced shielding capabilities against a range of photon energies. The most significant findings included the optimized sample (ZMF4) displaying superior magneto-optical characteristics and outstanding gamma-ray shielding performance, especially at higher Gd<sup>3+</sup> levels. This investigation underlines the critical role of Gd3+ doping in advancing the functional properties of ZMF-spinel ferrites for technological and radiation protection applications, showcasing the potential of tailored nanomaterials in addressing complex challenges in material science.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Advancing ZMF-spinel ferrites with Gd3+ doping: structural, magneto-optical enhancements, and superior gamma-ray shielding for high-tech applications\",\"authors\":\"Huda F. Khalil, Shams A. M. Issa, Sherif G. Elsharkawy, Roya Boudaghi Malidarreh, Sara Gad, Ali Badawi, Fatma Fakhry, Hesham M. H. Zakaly\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10971-024-06520-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In this investigation, the incorporation of Gd<sup>3+</sup> ions into ZMF-spinel ferrites through the citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method significantly modified their structural, magneto-optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties. Doping levels were varied across samples labeled ZMF0 to ZMF4 with Gd3+ concentrations ranging from 0.000 to 0.100. Advanced characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS, alongside UV-vis spectroscopy and VSM measurements, highlighted the profound impact of Gd<sup>3+</sup> doping. Notably, the incorporation of Gd<sup>3+</sup> led to nano-sized cubic structures with an optimized crystallite size of 19.82 nm in the ZMF4 sample, and a notable reduction in the band gap from 3.21 eV to 2.99 eV was observed, indicative of enhanced electronic properties. Magnetic analysis revealed a transition towards superparamagnetic behavior, with a decrease in coercivity and squareness ratios, suggesting applications in areas such as data storage and optical waveguides. Furthermore, the study leveraged FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations to assess the gamma-ray shielding efficiency of these materials. It was found that increasing Gd<sup>3+</sup> concentration or sample thickness markedly improved radiation attenuation, highlighting the material’s enhanced shielding capabilities against a range of photon energies. The most significant findings included the optimized sample (ZMF4) displaying superior magneto-optical characteristics and outstanding gamma-ray shielding performance, especially at higher Gd<sup>3+</sup> levels. This investigation underlines the critical role of Gd3+ doping in advancing the functional properties of ZMF-spinel ferrites for technological and radiation protection applications, showcasing the potential of tailored nanomaterials in addressing complex challenges in material science.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":2,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Applied Bio Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Applied Bio Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-024-06520-8\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-024-06520-8","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Advancing ZMF-spinel ferrites with Gd3+ doping: structural, magneto-optical enhancements, and superior gamma-ray shielding for high-tech applications
In this investigation, the incorporation of Gd3+ ions into ZMF-spinel ferrites through the citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method significantly modified their structural, magneto-optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties. Doping levels were varied across samples labeled ZMF0 to ZMF4 with Gd3+ concentrations ranging from 0.000 to 0.100. Advanced characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS, alongside UV-vis spectroscopy and VSM measurements, highlighted the profound impact of Gd3+ doping. Notably, the incorporation of Gd3+ led to nano-sized cubic structures with an optimized crystallite size of 19.82 nm in the ZMF4 sample, and a notable reduction in the band gap from 3.21 eV to 2.99 eV was observed, indicative of enhanced electronic properties. Magnetic analysis revealed a transition towards superparamagnetic behavior, with a decrease in coercivity and squareness ratios, suggesting applications in areas such as data storage and optical waveguides. Furthermore, the study leveraged FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations to assess the gamma-ray shielding efficiency of these materials. It was found that increasing Gd3+ concentration or sample thickness markedly improved radiation attenuation, highlighting the material’s enhanced shielding capabilities against a range of photon energies. The most significant findings included the optimized sample (ZMF4) displaying superior magneto-optical characteristics and outstanding gamma-ray shielding performance, especially at higher Gd3+ levels. This investigation underlines the critical role of Gd3+ doping in advancing the functional properties of ZMF-spinel ferrites for technological and radiation protection applications, showcasing the potential of tailored nanomaterials in addressing complex challenges in material science.