减少污染计划对人力资本和健康的长期影响

Nanna Fukushima, Stephanie von Hinke, Emil N. Sørensen
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摘要

本文研究了英国在 20 世纪 50 年代推出的一项减少污染计划交错实施所产生的影响。该政策允许地方当局引入所谓的烟雾控制区 (SCA),禁止烟雾排放。我们首先对历史污染数据进行数字化处理,以显示该政策立即降低了黑烟浓度。然后,我们利用个人的出生年份-月份和地点,将引入烟雾控制区的确切地点、边界和月份的数据与老年期个人层面的结果进行合并。我们的研究结果表明,该计划增加了个体的出生体重以及成年后的身高。我们发现,这对他们的受教育年限或流体智力没有影响。
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The long-term human capital and health impacts of a pollution reduction programme
This paper investigates the effects of the staggered roll-out of a pollution reduction programme introduced in the UK in the 1950s. The policy allowed local authorities to introduce so-called Smoke Control Areas (SCAs) which banned smoke emissions. We start by digitizing historical pollution data to show that the policy led to an immediate reduction in black smoke concentrations. We then merge data on the exact location, boundary and month of introduction of SCAs to individual-level outcomes in older age using individuals' year-month and location of birth. We show that exposure to the programme increased individuals' birth weights as well as height in adulthood. We find no impact on their years of education or fluid intelligence.
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