{"title":"颅测量变异与现代人的祖先","authors":"John H. Relethford","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25028","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>Ancient and contemporary DNA provide information about geographic variation in the ancestry of present-day humans. All living populations have ancestry from early <i>Homo sapiens</i> originating in sub-Saharan Africa. Populations of Eurasian descent also have a small amount of Neandertal ancestry. This study examines whether craniometric distances between recent modern human samples reflect this geographic variation in ancestry. Among recent modern humans, Eurasians are expected to be more similar to Neandertals, whereas both sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians are expected to be equidistant from early <i>H. sapiens</i>.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Data on 33 craniometric traits from 2524 recent modern humans were compared with data from the literature for Neandertals and early <i>H. sapiens</i>. Mahalanobis distances were computed for each modern specimen to both the Neandertal and early <i>H. sapiens</i> means. These distances were examined for differences between recent humans from sub-Saharan Africa (<i>N</i> = 373) and those of Eurasian descent (<i>N</i> = 2151).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Eurasians as a group are significantly closer than sub-Saharan Africans to Neandertals. There is no significant difference between the distances of sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians to early <i>H. sapiens</i>.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Discussion</h3>\n \n <p>The differences between sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians for both Neandertals and early <i>H. sapiens</i> are as expected. Although there has been geographic differentiation among recent modern humans, including differences in Neandertal admixture, these differences have not affected overall similarity of recent modern sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians to the earliest samples of <i>H. sapiens</i>.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Craniometric variation and the ancestry of modern humans\",\"authors\":\"John H. Relethford\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ajpa.25028\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>Ancient and contemporary DNA provide information about geographic variation in the ancestry of present-day humans. All living populations have ancestry from early <i>Homo sapiens</i> originating in sub-Saharan Africa. Populations of Eurasian descent also have a small amount of Neandertal ancestry. This study examines whether craniometric distances between recent modern human samples reflect this geographic variation in ancestry. Among recent modern humans, Eurasians are expected to be more similar to Neandertals, whereas both sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians are expected to be equidistant from early <i>H. sapiens</i>.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Data on 33 craniometric traits from 2524 recent modern humans were compared with data from the literature for Neandertals and early <i>H. sapiens</i>. Mahalanobis distances were computed for each modern specimen to both the Neandertal and early <i>H. sapiens</i> means. These distances were examined for differences between recent humans from sub-Saharan Africa (<i>N</i> = 373) and those of Eurasian descent (<i>N</i> = 2151).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Eurasians as a group are significantly closer than sub-Saharan Africans to Neandertals. There is no significant difference between the distances of sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians to early <i>H. sapiens</i>.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Discussion</h3>\\n \\n <p>The differences between sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians for both Neandertals and early <i>H. sapiens</i> are as expected. Although there has been geographic differentiation among recent modern humans, including differences in Neandertal admixture, these differences have not affected overall similarity of recent modern sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians to the earliest samples of <i>H. sapiens</i>.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":29759,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Biological Anthropology\",\"volume\":\"185 4\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Biological Anthropology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.25028\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ANTHROPOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.25028","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
古代和当代 DNA 提供了当今人类祖先的地理变异信息。所有现存人群的祖先都来自撒哈拉以南非洲地区的早期智人。欧亚后裔中也有少量尼安德特人的祖先。本研究探讨了近期现代人样本之间的颅骨测量距离是否反映了这种祖先的地理差异。在最近的现代人中,欧亚人预计与尼安德特人更为相似,而撒哈拉以南非洲人和欧亚人预计与早期智人的距离相等。
Craniometric variation and the ancestry of modern humans
Objectives
Ancient and contemporary DNA provide information about geographic variation in the ancestry of present-day humans. All living populations have ancestry from early Homo sapiens originating in sub-Saharan Africa. Populations of Eurasian descent also have a small amount of Neandertal ancestry. This study examines whether craniometric distances between recent modern human samples reflect this geographic variation in ancestry. Among recent modern humans, Eurasians are expected to be more similar to Neandertals, whereas both sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians are expected to be equidistant from early H. sapiens.
Materials and Methods
Data on 33 craniometric traits from 2524 recent modern humans were compared with data from the literature for Neandertals and early H. sapiens. Mahalanobis distances were computed for each modern specimen to both the Neandertal and early H. sapiens means. These distances were examined for differences between recent humans from sub-Saharan Africa (N = 373) and those of Eurasian descent (N = 2151).
Results
Eurasians as a group are significantly closer than sub-Saharan Africans to Neandertals. There is no significant difference between the distances of sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians to early H. sapiens.
Discussion
The differences between sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians for both Neandertals and early H. sapiens are as expected. Although there has been geographic differentiation among recent modern humans, including differences in Neandertal admixture, these differences have not affected overall similarity of recent modern sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians to the earliest samples of H. sapiens.