{"title":"纳米银粒子的大小对生物膜消除的影响","authors":"Ghazal Fakeeha , Sarah AlHarbi , Sayed Auda , Hanan Balto","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Efficient intracanal disinfection is required for a successful regenerative endodontic treatment. Thus, this study aimed to identify the silver nanoparticles’ (NPs) size (AgNPs) with the highest antibiofilm efficacy when mixed with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>] to eradicate an in vitro endodontic biofilm.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The various sizes of AgNPs and mixtures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A total of 168 dentin root segments were prepared, sterilized, and inoculated for 3 weeks with <em>Actinomyces naeslundii</em> and <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em>. Samples were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups (<em>n</em> = 28/group): 2 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, 5 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, and 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> alone. Samples exposed to saline and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) acted as negative and positive control groups, respectively. After 1 and 2 weeks, samples were stained with LIVE/DEAD <em>Bac</em>Light dye and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope to determine the proportion of dead bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The characterization procedure revealed a spherical NP's structure with minor aggregations. Except for Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> group, all groups had significantly higher antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks. Both the 10 nm mixture (99.5%) and TAP (99.2%) exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks and were not significantly different from one another (<em>P</em> > .05). No significant difference was noted between the 2 and 5 nm mixtures at 1 week (81% and 84%) and 2 weeks (89% and 91%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The 10 nm AgNPs (0.02%) + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> mixture exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks compared to all other mixtures at both observation periods. Interestingly, the 10 nm mixture performed similarly to TAP at 2 weeks. Excluding Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> group, longer application significantly improved the antibiofilm efficacy of all tested medicaments.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Relevance</h3><div>The 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> mixture revealed promising results as an intracanal medicament in the regenerative endodontic treatment protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 2","pages":"Pages 1213-1222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Impact of Silver Nanoparticles’ Size on Biofilm Eradication\",\"authors\":\"Ghazal Fakeeha , Sarah AlHarbi , Sayed Auda , Hanan Balto\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.identj.2024.08.007\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Efficient intracanal disinfection is required for a successful regenerative endodontic treatment. Thus, this study aimed to identify the silver nanoparticles’ (NPs) size (AgNPs) with the highest antibiofilm efficacy when mixed with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>] to eradicate an in vitro endodontic biofilm.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The various sizes of AgNPs and mixtures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A total of 168 dentin root segments were prepared, sterilized, and inoculated for 3 weeks with <em>Actinomyces naeslundii</em> and <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em>. Samples were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups (<em>n</em> = 28/group): 2 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, 5 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, and 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> alone. Samples exposed to saline and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) acted as negative and positive control groups, respectively. After 1 and 2 weeks, samples were stained with LIVE/DEAD <em>Bac</em>Light dye and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope to determine the proportion of dead bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The characterization procedure revealed a spherical NP's structure with minor aggregations. Except for Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> group, all groups had significantly higher antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks. Both the 10 nm mixture (99.5%) and TAP (99.2%) exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks and were not significantly different from one another (<em>P</em> > .05). No significant difference was noted between the 2 and 5 nm mixtures at 1 week (81% and 84%) and 2 weeks (89% and 91%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The 10 nm AgNPs (0.02%) + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> mixture exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks compared to all other mixtures at both observation periods. Interestingly, the 10 nm mixture performed similarly to TAP at 2 weeks. Excluding Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> group, longer application significantly improved the antibiofilm efficacy of all tested medicaments.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Relevance</h3><div>The 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> mixture revealed promising results as an intracanal medicament in the regenerative endodontic treatment protocol.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13785,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International dental journal\",\"volume\":\"75 2\",\"pages\":\"Pages 1213-1222\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International dental journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924014187\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/9/11 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International dental journal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924014187","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/11 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Impact of Silver Nanoparticles’ Size on Biofilm Eradication
Introduction
Efficient intracanal disinfection is required for a successful regenerative endodontic treatment. Thus, this study aimed to identify the silver nanoparticles’ (NPs) size (AgNPs) with the highest antibiofilm efficacy when mixed with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] to eradicate an in vitro endodontic biofilm.
Methods
The various sizes of AgNPs and mixtures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A total of 168 dentin root segments were prepared, sterilized, and inoculated for 3 weeks with Actinomyces naeslundii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Samples were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups (n = 28/group): 2 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2, 5 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2, 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2, and 35% Ca(OH)2 alone. Samples exposed to saline and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) acted as negative and positive control groups, respectively. After 1 and 2 weeks, samples were stained with LIVE/DEAD BacLight dye and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope to determine the proportion of dead bacteria.
Results
The characterization procedure revealed a spherical NP's structure with minor aggregations. Except for Ca(OH)2 group, all groups had significantly higher antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks. Both the 10 nm mixture (99.5%) and TAP (99.2%) exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks and were not significantly different from one another (P > .05). No significant difference was noted between the 2 and 5 nm mixtures at 1 week (81% and 84%) and 2 weeks (89% and 91%).
Conclusion
The 10 nm AgNPs (0.02%) + 35% Ca(OH)2 mixture exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks compared to all other mixtures at both observation periods. Interestingly, the 10 nm mixture performed similarly to TAP at 2 weeks. Excluding Ca(OH)2 group, longer application significantly improved the antibiofilm efficacy of all tested medicaments.
Clinical Relevance
The 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2 mixture revealed promising results as an intracanal medicament in the regenerative endodontic treatment protocol.
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The International Dental Journal features peer-reviewed, scientific articles relevant to international oral health issues, as well as practical, informative articles aimed at clinicians.
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