将古生态学类比应用于当代挑战:一种常见树种的系统性衰退造成的树冠缺口的群落效应

IF 3.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Journal of Forestry Research Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI:10.1007/s11676-024-01781-z
Julia Webb, Anne E. Goodenough
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引用次数: 0

摘要

温带林地植被最初是由时空和历史因素决定的,并由复杂的生物相互作用促成。然而,疾病爆发(如甜栗疫病、白蜡树枯死)、虫害和人类加速的气候变化等灾难性事件会造成树冠缺口,原因是曾经是树冠重要组成部分的树种系统性减少或消失。由此产生的连带效应有可能迅速而彻底地改变林地生态系统的组成,但固有的滞后性使得对这些效应的初步研究具有挑战性。榆树衰退是欧洲西北部林地中榆树的迅速减少(约 5800 年前),与人类活动增加等其他压力因素同时存在,在这里,我们以榆树衰退作为古生态学类比,探讨了 10 个地点的林地植被随树冠开放而发生的变化。就树栖类群而言,群落均匀度显著下降,群落内更替率显著上升,而丰富度保持不变。树栖类群的变化在很大程度上取决于具体地点,但在大多数地点,木质攀援类群,尤其是常春藤类群的数量大幅减少。灌木类群的丰富度显著增加,但均匀度和周转率保持一致。但有趣的是,在 70% 的地点,灌木丰度显著增加,包括石南花(石楠)、冬青(冬青)和榛子(榛树),这表明结构发生了变化。令人惊讶的是,草本类群的丰富度、均匀度和更替率都没有变化,这可能是因为变化在空间上存在很大差异。不过,干扰指标车前草(Plantago)却明显上升。总之,这些研究结果表明,林地中曾经构成树冠重要组成部分的树种持续减少或消失,会对植被多样性(丰富度)、组成(均匀度)、稳定性(更替率)和特定分类群的丰度(尤其是灌木层)产生深远的影响,但这些影响往往在空间上具有特异性。这种古生态模拟本身就因人类活动的同时变化而变得复杂,利用这种模拟,可以对当代环境中树冠开阔度的类似变化可能产生的连带效应(包括白蜡树倒伏)进行有价值的实证研究。
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Applying palaeoecological analogues to contemporary challenges: community-level effects of canopy gaps caused by systematic decline of a prevalent tree species

Temperate woodland vegetation is initially determined by spatiotemporal and historical factors, mediated by complex biotic interactions. However, catastrophic events such as disease outbreaks (e.g., sweet chestnut blight, ash dieback), infestations of insect pests, and human-accelerated climate change can create canopy gaps due to systematic decline in, or loss of, tree species that was once an important part of the canopy. Resultant cascade effects have the potential to alter the composition of woodland ecosystems quickly and radically, but inherent lag times make primary research into these effects challenging. Here, we explore change in woodland vegetation at 10 sites in response to canopy opening using the Elm Decline, a rapid loss of Ulmus in woodlands across northwestern Europe ~ 5800 years ago that coexisted alongside other stressors such as increasing human activity, as a palaeoecological analogue. For arboreal taxa, community evenness significantly decreased, within-site turnover significantly increased, and richness remained unchanged. Changes in arboreal taxa were highly site-specific but there was a substantial decline in woody climbing taxa, especially Hedera (ivy), across the majority of sites. For shrub taxa, richness significantly increased but evenness and turnover remained consistent. Interestingly, however, there was a significant increase in abundance of shrubs at 70% of sites, including Calluna (heather), Ilex (holly) and Corylus (hazel), suggesting structural change. Surprisingly, there was no change in richness, evenness or turnover for herb taxa, possibly because change was highly variable spatially. However, there was a marked uptick in the disturbance indicator Plantago (plantain). Overall, these findings suggest that woodlands with sustained reduction in, or loss of, a tree species that once formed an important part of the canopy has profound, but often spatially idiosyncratic, impacts on vegetation diversity (richness), composition (evenness), stability (turnover), and on abundance of specific taxa, especially within the shrub layer. Use of this palaeoecological analogue, which was itself complicated by cooccurring changes in human activity, provides a valuable empirical insight into possible cascade effects of similar change in canopy opening in contemporary settings, including Ash Dieback.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
3.30%
发文量
2538
期刊介绍: The Journal of Forestry Research (JFR), founded in 1990, is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal in English. JFR has rapidly emerged as an international journal published by Northeast Forestry University and Ecological Society of China in collaboration with Springer Verlag. The journal publishes scientific articles related to forestry for a broad range of international scientists, forest managers and practitioners.The scope of the journal covers the following five thematic categories and 20 subjects: Basic Science of Forestry, Forest biometrics, Forest soils, Forest hydrology, Tree physiology, Forest biomass, carbon, and bioenergy, Forest biotechnology and molecular biology, Forest Ecology, Forest ecology, Forest ecological services, Restoration ecology, Forest adaptation to climate change, Wildlife ecology and management, Silviculture and Forest Management, Forest genetics and tree breeding, Silviculture, Forest RS, GIS, and modeling, Forest management, Forest Protection, Forest entomology and pathology, Forest fire, Forest resources conservation, Forest health monitoring and assessment, Wood Science and Technology, Wood Science and Technology.
期刊最新文献
Applying palaeoecological analogues to contemporary challenges: community-level effects of canopy gaps caused by systematic decline of a prevalent tree species A stacking-based model for the spread of Botryosphaeria laricina Leaf functional traits and ecological strategies of common plant species in evergreen broad-leaved forests on Huangshan Mountain Characteristics and expression of heat shock gene Lghsp17.4 in Lenzites gibbosa, a white rot fungus of wood Tree diversity drives understory carbon storage rather than overstory carbon storage across forest types
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