药用植物的肝保护活性、植物化学成分和安全问题:系统综述

Yilma Hunde Gonfa, Archana Bachheti, Prabhakar Semwal, Nishant Rai, Abdel Nasser Singab, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

药用植物及其衍生物是治疗各种疾病的有效药库。特别是这些植物的次生代谢物,包括生物碱、黄酮类、酚类化合物、萜类、甾体、皂苷、单宁和蒽醌,在保护肝脏方面发挥着至关重要的作用。研究发现,水飞蓟素、槲皮素、木犀草素、甘草甜素、姜黄素、没食子酸、诃子酸、儿茶素、芦荟素、大黄素、琉璃苣素、琉璃苣甙素、葫芦巴黄酮 B 和卡拉维罗苷等几种重要的植物成分是解决肝毒性的有效药物。其功效机制包括抗氧化、抗炎、清除自由基,以及阻断氧化应激、细胞因子生成和稳定肝细胞膜的能力。从药用植物中提取的天然产品具有疗效好、成本效益高和安全等特点,因此被广泛应用于治疗肝损伤。许多研究,包括体外、体内、临床前和临床研究,都证明药用植物提取物可以减轻动物模型中化学物质引起的肝损伤。然而,有关将药用植物用作肝脏保护剂的安全性、监管标准和质量控制问题的深入研究仍是学者们的重要任务。本系统综述的主要重点是分析有关使用药用植物提取物治疗肝脏疾病的文献现状,研究其植物化学成分,并探讨相关的安全性问题。
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Hepatoprotective activity of medicinal plants, their phytochemistry, and safety concerns: a systematic review
Medicinal plants and their derivatives represent a promising reservoir of remedies for various ailments. Especially secondary metabolites of these plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, and anthraquinones, play crucial roles in hepatoprotection. Studies have identified several prominent phytoconstituents, such as silymarin, quercetin, luteolin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, gallic acid, chebulic acid, catechin, aloin, emodin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, cudraflavone B, and karaviloside, as effective agents for addressing hepatotoxicity. The mechanisms underlying their efficacy include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and the ability to block oxidative stress, cytokine production, and stabilize liver cell membranes. The application of natural products derived from medicinal plants in treating liver injuries is rooted in their efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety profile, contributing to their popularity. Many studies, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, preclinical, and clinical investigations, have demonstrated that the extracts of medicinal plants mitigate chemical-induced liver damage using animal models. However, intensive research efforts regarding the safety, regulatory standard, and quality control issues for using medicinal plants as hepatoprotective agents remain the strong task of scholars. The primary focus of this systematic review is to analyze the current state of the literature regarding treating liver ailments using extracts from medicinal plants, examining their phytochemical composition, and addressing associated safety considerations.
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