Amy D. Holt, Amy M. McKenna, Anne M. Kellerman, Tom I. Battin, Jason B. Fellman, Eran Hood, Hannes Peter, Martina Schön, Vincent De Staercke, Michail Styllas, Matteo Tolosano, Robert G. M. Spencer
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We assessed the molecular-level composition of dissolved organic matter from 136 mountain glacier outflows from 11 regions covering six continents using ultrahigh resolution 21 T mass spectrometry. We found substantial diversity in organic matter composition with coherent and predictable (80% accuracy) regional patterns. Employing stable and radiocarbon isotopic analyses, we demonstrate that these patterns are inherently linked to atmospheric deposition and in situ production. In remote regions like Greenland and New Zealand, the glacier organic matter pool appears to be dominated by in situ production. However, downwind of industrial centers (e.g., Alaska and Nepal), fossil fuel combustion byproducts likely underpin organic matter composition, resulting in older and more aromatic material being exported downstream. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在许多高纬度和高海拔地区,快速融化的高山冰川径流是河流有机碳的主要来源。冰川溶解的有机碳具有很高的生物可利用性,其组成可能反映了内部(如自养生产)和外部(如大气沉积)来源。然而,尽管冰川有机碳对受体生态系统中冰川有机碳的矿化和同化具有影响,但人们对地球冰川中这些来源的平衡却知之甚少。我们利用超高分辨率 21 T 质谱仪评估了六大洲 11 个地区 136 个高山冰川流出物中溶解有机物的分子级组成。我们发现,有机物的组成具有很大的多样性,并具有连贯和可预测(准确率为 80%)的区域模式。通过稳定同位素和放射性碳同位素分析,我们证明了这些模式与大气沉积和原地生产有着内在联系。在格陵兰岛和新西兰等偏远地区,冰川有机物库似乎以原地生产为主。然而,在工业中心(如阿拉斯加和尼泊尔)的下风向,化石燃料燃烧的副产品很可能是有机物组成的基础,导致更古老、更芳香的物质向下游输出。这些发现凸显了冰川碳循环在空间上的独特性,对预测冰川有机碳在持续退缩和人为干扰下的动态和命运具有重要意义。
Gradients of Deposition and In Situ Production Drive Global Glacier Organic Matter Composition
Runoff from rapidly melting mountain glaciers is a dominant source of riverine organic carbon in many high-latitude and high-elevation regions. Glacier dissolved organic carbon is highly bioavailable, and its composition likely reflects internal (e.g., autotrophic production) and external (i.e., atmospheric deposition) sources. However, the balance of these sources across Earth's glaciers is poorly understood, despite implications for the mineralization and assimilation of glacier organic carbon within recipient ecosystems. We assessed the molecular-level composition of dissolved organic matter from 136 mountain glacier outflows from 11 regions covering six continents using ultrahigh resolution 21 T mass spectrometry. We found substantial diversity in organic matter composition with coherent and predictable (80% accuracy) regional patterns. Employing stable and radiocarbon isotopic analyses, we demonstrate that these patterns are inherently linked to atmospheric deposition and in situ production. In remote regions like Greenland and New Zealand, the glacier organic matter pool appears to be dominated by in situ production. However, downwind of industrial centers (e.g., Alaska and Nepal), fossil fuel combustion byproducts likely underpin organic matter composition, resulting in older and more aromatic material being exported downstream. These findings highlight that the glacier carbon cycle is spatially distinct, with ramifications for predicting the dynamics and fate of glacier organic carbon concurrent with continued retreat and anthropogenic perturbation.
期刊介绍:
Global Biogeochemical Cycles (GBC) features research on regional to global biogeochemical interactions, as well as more local studies that demonstrate fundamental implications for biogeochemical processing at regional or global scales. Published papers draw on a wide array of methods and knowledge and extend in time from the deep geologic past to recent historical and potential future interactions. This broad scope includes studies that elucidate human activities as interactive components of biogeochemical cycles and physical Earth Systems including climate. Authors are required to make their work accessible to a broad interdisciplinary range of scientists.