Microstructure and mechanical properties of 9 % nickel steel welded joints using a CoCrNi filler wire for cryogenic storage tanks

A medium-entropy alloy of CoCrNi exhibits excellent cryogenic mechanical properties. It is possible to enhance the ductility of weld metal for cryogenic storage tank materials at cryogenic temperatures by employing CoCrNi alloys as filler metal. In this study, a CoCrNi multi-principal filler wire and a 308L stainless steel wire were used for welding 9 % Ni steel. The effects of the CoCrNi filler wire on the microstructure, hardness, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of the weld metals were evaluated and discussed. A remarkable finding was that as the tensile temperature decreased from 298 K to 77 K, the fracture elongation of the CoCrNi joint increased by approximately 34.7 %, rather than decreasing. In contrast, a significant reduction in fracture elongation was observed in the 308L joint. The CoCrNi filler wire could promote the activation of twinning deformation in the weld metal at 77 K, thereby enhancing the ductility of the welded joints at cryogenic temperatures.