International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping最新文献

A ratcheting assessment method based on cumulative damage 基于累积损伤的棘轮评估方法

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105389

Yuping Su , Jun Shen , Libo Mu , Qianyu Shi , Mingwan Lu

Ratcheting assessment under multiple combined thermo-mechanical load cases has always been an intractable problem in pressure vessel design by analysis. Ratcheting is not allowed in the current widely adopted ratcheting assessment method based on ratcheting boundary, which is conservative and only applicable to single cyclic load case. Whereas, the ratcheting analysis based on elastic-plastic finite element analysis cycle by cycle is computationally heavy and costly. In this paper, a simple and practical ratcheting assessment method based on cumulative damage is proposed. The method is abbreviated RACD method, which is an evaluation method of plastic ratcheting strain for prevention of ratcheting collapse and allows the structure to enter the ratcheting state. Moreover, it has low computational cost and can be applied to the ratcheting assessment of combined load cases. The validity of the RACD method has been verified by the Bree model and application example in this paper. It can be indicated that the linear damage accumulation theory is applicable to the cases where multiple load cases are applied independently and sequentially, but it is not suitable for the combination of multiple loads applied alternately. The load unit assessment method proposed in this paper can effectively deal with the ratcheting assessment problem for alternating combined load cases.

通过分析，压力容器在多工况下的棘轮评估一直是压力容器设计中的一个难题。目前广泛采用的基于棘轮边界的棘轮评估方法不允许棘轮，该方法保守且仅适用于单次循环载荷情况。然而，基于弹塑性有限元逐周期分析的棘轮分析计算量大，成本高。本文提出了一种简单实用的基于累积损伤的棘轮评估方法。该方法简称RACD法，是一种防止棘轮破坏，使结构进入棘轮状态的塑性棘轮应变评价方法。此外，该方法计算成本低，可用于组合工况的棘轮评估。本文通过Bree模型和应用实例验证了RACD方法的有效性。可以看出，线性损伤累积理论适用于多个荷载分别顺序作用的情况，而不适用于多个荷载交替作用的组合。本文提出的荷载单元评估方法可以有效地解决交变组合荷载工况下的棘轮评估问题。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of mechanical vibration on microstructure and impact properties of gas metal arc welding Q450NQR1 welded joints 机械振动对Q450NQR1气体保护金属焊接接头组织和冲击性能的影响

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105371

Yang Liu , Xuemei Li , Rui Guo , Zicheng Li , Jiaying Du , Meng Liu , Qingming Hu , Xiangxia Kong , Li Bao

This article was focused on studying the influence of microstructure and impact performance of Q450NQR1 weathering steel welded joints using low-frequency mechanical vibrations during the welding process (GMAW). The analysis of the molten pool cooling and solidification process in vibration welding is conducted using a one-dimensional Stefan problem and the wave equation coupled model The computational results show that the molten pool cooling time decreases and the stress on the dendrites increases during the crystallization process as vibration frequency increase. Mechanical vibrations with a fixed amplitude of 0.1 mm and frequencies of 0, 20, 40, and 60 Hz were applied to the welding molten pool under the same welding parameters. The microstructure of the weld joints was examined using metallurgical microscope. Charpy impact test was used to measure the impact properties. The results show that the increase in weld zone width is accompanied by a reduction in the heat-affected zone width after the application of mechanical vibrations. The primary proeutectoid ferrite dendrites undergo fragmentation. The acicular ferrite content has increased and structural refinement. The impact energy in the weld zone increases with the increase in vibration frequency. The welded joints exhibit enhanced toughness, with an increased proportion of the fibrous region (F) and the shear lip region (S) at the fracture surface. The distance between the crack instability position and the root of the notch increases.

本文重点研究了焊接过程中低频机械振动（GMAW）对Q450NQR1耐候钢焊接接头组织和冲击性能的影响。采用一维Stefan问题和波动方程耦合模型对振动焊接熔池冷却和凝固过程进行了分析。计算结果表明，随着振动频率的增加，熔池冷却时间缩短，枝晶应力增大。在相同焊接参数下，对焊接熔池施加固定振幅为0.1 mm、频率为0、20、40和60 Hz的机械振动。采用金相显微镜对焊缝组织进行了观察。采用夏比冲击试验对其冲击性能进行测试。结果表明：施加机械振动后，焊接区宽度增大，热影响区宽度减小；初生共析铁素体枝晶发生断裂。针状铁素体含量增加，组织细化。焊缝区的冲击能量随振动频率的增加而增大。焊接接头韧性增强，断口处纤维区(F)和剪切唇区(S)的比例增加。裂纹失稳位置与缺口根部之间的距离增大。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of corrosion behavior of 5Cr steel in CO₂-silty sand environment: Effects of hydrodynamic impact angles 5Cr钢在CO₂-粉砂环境中的腐蚀行为研究：水动力冲击角的影响

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105369

Hai Li, Wei Liu, Wenqi Li, Longjun Chen, Bo Zhang, Pengcheng Fan, Weijian Yang, Yipu Sun

This study investigates the influence of impact angles on the corrosion behavior of 5Cr steel in a CO₂-silty sand environment through hydrodynamics analysis. The primary cause of degradation in 5Cr steel is the combined effect of the mechanical damage to the corrosion product film by silty sand particles and corrosive environment. The severity of damage to the corrosion product film on the 5Cr steel surface caused by silty sand particles at different impact angles, from highest to lowest, is 45°, 90°, and 0°. At an impact angle of 45°, the silty sand exerts equal tangential and normal stresses on the corrosion product film, compromising its integrity and requiring more Cr(OH)₃ for repair and stabilization, resulting in the most severe localized pitting corrosion. At impact angles of 0° and 90°, the silty sand exerts only tangential stress and normal stress on the corrosion product film, respectively. The imbalance between normal and tangential stresses at these angles results in shallower and more limited removal of corrosion products, making the destructive effect less significant than at a 45° impact angle.

通过流体力学分析，研究了冲击角对5Cr钢在co2 -粉砂环境中腐蚀行为的影响。导致5Cr钢退化的主要原因是粉砂颗粒对腐蚀产物膜的机械损伤和腐蚀环境的综合作用。粉砂颗粒在不同冲击角度下对5Cr钢表面腐蚀产物膜的破坏程度，从高到低依次为45°、90°、0°。在45°的冲击角下，粉砂对腐蚀产物膜施加相等的切向和法向应力，破坏其完整性，需要更多的Cr(OH)3进行修复和稳定，导致最严重的局部点蚀。在冲击角为0°和90°时，粉砂仅对腐蚀产物膜施加切向应力和法向应力。在这些角度下，法向和切向应力之间的不平衡导致腐蚀产物的去除更浅，更有限，使破坏效果不如45°冲击角时显著。

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引用次数: 0

Geometry effects on the pressure-temperature limit curve of small modular reactor vessel 小型模块化反应堆容器压力-温度极限曲线的几何效应

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105366

Dong-Hyeon Choi, Min Jeong Park, Min Seek Kim, Yoon-Suk Chang

The reactor vessel (RV), recognized as a critical component that ensures the safety of nuclear power plants, is designed and manufactured with sufficient margins in strength and fracture toughness. With the development of small modular reactors (SMRs), RVs include transition regions characterized by geometric discontinuities that limit the application of existing evaluation methods. This study proposes adequate modeling and numerical analysis techniques tailored to assess the different geometries and better understand their impact. A suitable modeling scheme was introduced to consider specific features when evaluating postulated cracks in the RV. Fracture mechanics evaluations using the finite element method were also conducted to examine accurately the cracks and their associated risks. The results from each finite element analysis were utilized to develop pressure-temperature limit curves, providing insight into the operational range of a developing SMR. This framework addresses the unique challenges in RV design and enhances the safety and reliability of SMR operations.

反应堆容器（RV）被认为是确保核电站安全的关键部件，其设计和制造具有足够的强度和断裂韧性裕度。随着小型模块化反应堆（SMRs）的发展，rv包含了以几何不连续为特征的过渡区域，这限制了现有评估方法的应用。这项研究提出了适当的建模和数值分析技术，以评估不同的几何形状，并更好地了解它们的影响。介绍了一种合适的建模方案，以考虑在评估RV假定裂纹时的具体特征。使用有限元方法进行断裂力学评估，以准确检查裂纹及其相关风险。每次有限元分析的结果都用于绘制压力-温度极限曲线，从而深入了解正在开发的SMR的工作范围。该框架解决了RV设计中的独特挑战，并提高了SMR运行的安全性和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Using odometry drift to match ILI joint boundaries for run comparisons 使用里程计漂移匹配ILI联合边界进行运行比较

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105351

Craig L. Champlin

Repeat coincident inline pipeline inspections are used to calculate defect-to-defect corrosion growth rates (CGRs) for accurate reinspection intervals. First, a pair of inspections is aligned at the boundaries between pipe joints. Pattern matching is then used to match individual defects on paired joints. Joint-boundary matching is a correspondence problem that can be described in terms of “drift”, which is the difference in odometry values at corresponding joint boundaries. Here, drift is formalized and characterized. It is used to describe current joint-boundary matching methods — interpolation, zippering, and direct odometry comparison. We use the drift formulation to illustrate why existing methods produce false matches (1) in the presence of poorly documented reroutes, (2) when there are nonlinearities in the odometry from pig speed changes, and (3) from other inspection problems. We develop a new evidence-based intuition for drift as the systematic bias of position-estimating state machines on inspecting pigs. This is followed by deriving a position-specific drift differencing distance metric using the first-order differencing of the drift. We show this value to be trend stationary. The results section compares the four metrics’ abilities to identify common joint-boundary matching challenges. We found that direct matching and interpolation are unreliable. These methods generate difficult-to-detect mistakes because they rely on a nearest-neighbor matching criterion. Zippering and drift differencing work much better. Both rely on pups in the vicinity of pipeline reconfigurations. They both fail when there are no pups or when a reconfiguration is large. Because zippering uses naive pattern-matching, it is subject to aliasing mistakes when non-corresponding joints are in analogous positions. In contrast, drift differencing, which is position-specific, is immune to this type of error. Finally, we show that the assumptions behind the derivation are valid for an example dataset.

重复重合管道检测用于计算缺陷到缺陷的腐蚀增长速率（cgr），以获得准确的复检间隔。首先，一对检查在管道接头之间的边界对齐。然后使用模式匹配来匹配成对接头上的单个缺陷。节理边界匹配是一个对应问题，可以用“漂移”来描述，即对应节理边界处测程值的差异。在这里，漂移是形式化和特征化的。描述了目前常用的关节边界匹配方法——插值法、拉链法和直接里程法。我们使用漂移公式来说明为什么现有的方法会产生错误的匹配(1)在存在不良记录的路线时，(2)在清管器速度变化的里程计中存在非线性时，以及(3)其他检查问题。我们开发了一种新的基于证据的漂移直觉，作为位置估计状态机在检查猪时的系统偏差。接下来是使用漂移的一阶差分来推导位置特定的漂移差分距离度量。我们认为这个值是趋势平稳的。结果部分比较了四种指标识别常见关节边界匹配挑战的能力。我们发现直接匹配和插值是不可靠的。这些方法产生难以检测的错误，因为它们依赖于最近邻匹配标准。拉链和漂移差工作得更好。它们都依赖于管道重组附近的幼崽。当没有幼崽或重组规模很大时，它们都失败了。由于拉链使用朴素的模式匹配，当不对应的接头处于类似位置时，容易出现混叠错误。相反，漂移差分是特定于位置的，不受这种错误的影响。最后，我们证明了推导背后的假设对于示例数据集是有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the synergistic effect of welding residual stress and hydrogen diffusion on fatigue crack growth of X80 steel pipeline 焊接残余应力和氢扩散对 X80 钢管道疲劳裂纹增长的协同效应研究

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105367

Jinghong Xue, Andun Cheng, Bohan Xia

During the service of X80 high-strength pipeline steel, the combined effects of welding residual stress, cyclic loading, and hydrogen complicate the prediction of pipeline fatigue life. This article combines ABAQUS and FRANC3D finite element software to analyze the fatigue crack growth laws of the X80 pipeline with thickness of 22 mm under the combined condition. After heat treatment, the fatigue life of pipelines with annular and axial cracks increased by 19 % and 83 %, indicating that post-weld heat treatment significantly improves the fatigue life of the pipeline. When the crack grows to the outer surface of the pipeline, the fatigue life of a pipeline with a 10 % hydrogen doping ratio is reduced by 77 % compared to one with a 1.5 % hydrogen doping ratio. These findings indicate that toughness of the crack front region is significantly reduced by hydrogen concentration, the crack propagation rate is accelerated, and the fatigue life of the pipeline is significantly reduced.

在 X80 高强度管线钢服役期间，焊接残余应力、循环载荷和氢气的综合影响使管线疲劳寿命的预测变得复杂。本文结合 ABAQUS 和 FRANC3D 有限元软件，分析了厚度为 22 mm 的 X80 管道在综合条件下的疲劳裂纹生长规律。热处理后，出现环向和轴向裂纹的管道疲劳寿命分别提高了 19% 和 83%，表明焊后热处理能显著提高管道的疲劳寿命。当裂纹扩展到管道外表面时，掺氢比率为 10% 的管道的疲劳寿命比掺氢比率为 1.5% 的管道缩短了 77%。这些发现表明，氢浓度会显著降低裂纹前沿区域的韧性，加快裂纹扩展速度，并显著缩短管道的疲劳寿命。

引用次数: 0

Two-step feature extraction of acoustic emission signals for leakage detection of valves in gas pipelines 声发射信号的两步特征提取，用于天然气管道阀门泄漏检测

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105364

Jing Xie , Wenao Wang , Changhang Xu , Mingfu Fu , Weiping Huang

Evaluation of valve conditions is necessary to maintain integrity of pipelines and can be achieved using Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. Effective feature extraction from AE signals is critical to improving the accuracy of evaluation on valve conditions. In this study, a new method is proposed for processing AE signals to extract a two-dimension feature, which can characterize valve conditions more accurately. Time-frequency features of AE signal are extracted through Mel-spectrum analysis and then a deeper feature is extracted by a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model. Experiments were implemented considering three working conditions under three pressure levels in the pipeline. Results show that based on the extracted feature, leakage condition and non-leakage condition can be entirely differentiated and investigated leakage conditions can be differentiated with a high accuracy. By extracting the new effective feature, the proposed method provides a new way to effectively evaluate valve conditions.

要保持管道的完整性，就必须对阀门状况进行评估，而声学发射（AE）技术可以实现这一目标。从 AE 信号中有效提取特征对于提高阀门状况评估的准确性至关重要。本研究提出了一种处理声发射信号的新方法，以提取二维特征，从而更准确地描述阀门状况。通过 Mel 频谱分析提取 AE 信号的时频特征，然后通过生成对抗网络（GAN）模型提取更深层次的特征。实验考虑了管道中三个压力等级下的三种工作条件。结果表明，根据提取的特征，泄漏工况和非泄漏工况完全可以区分开来，而且泄漏工况的调查区分精度很高。通过提取新的有效特征，所提出的方法为有效评估阀门状况提供了一种新方法。

引用次数: 0

An adaptive spherical indentation test integrating targeted testing scenarios, data acquisition, and model selection for uniaxial mechanical property predictions 自适应球形压痕测试集成了有针对性的测试方案、数据采集和模型选择，用于单轴机械性能预测

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105365

Tairui Zhang , Xin Ma , Bin Yang , Xianjun Pei , Zhiqiang Ge , Wenchun Jiang

To improve the applicability of spherical indentation tests (SITs) in complex targeted testing scenarios, such as piping with contaminated surfaces and high temperatures, this study proposes a targeted data acquisition and the following stress-strain prediction schemes based on the differences in targeted testing scenarios. The data acquisition scheme is classified depending on whether an additional digital image correlation (DIC) is applicable for the plastic zone radius measurements and whether the unloading information is of reliable accuracy. Then, based on the characteristics of the data acquisition scheme, a model selection, including incremental indentation energy model (IIEM), simplified indentation energy model (SIIEM), indentation energy model (IEM), and numerical model (NM), is introduced to achieve the most preferable uniaxial mechanical property predictions. Reliability of the adaptive SITs proposed in this study is verified through experiments (covering 20 °C, 400 °C, 565 °C, and 650 °C) on P91 steels in two service states, one as received and another service exposure for 300,000 h.

为了提高球形压痕测试（SIT）在复杂的目标测试场景（如表面受污染和高温的管道）中的适用性，本研究根据目标测试场景的差异，提出了有针对性的数据采集和以下应力应变预测方案。数据采集方案的分类取决于塑性区半径测量是否适用额外的数字图像相关（DIC），以及卸载信息的精度是否可靠。然后，根据数据采集方案的特点，引入模型选择，包括增量压痕能模型（IIEM）、简化压痕能模型（SIIEM）、压痕能模型（IEM）和数值模型（NM），以实现最理想的单轴力学性能预测。本研究中提出的自适应 SIT 的可靠性通过对 P91 钢在两种服役状态下的实验（包括 20 °C、400 °C、565 °C 和 650 °C）进行了验证，一种是接收状态，另一种是服役暴露 30 万小时。

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引用次数: 0

Reverse deformation design for bending control in welding of ring stiffeners 环形加强筋焊接弯曲控制的反向变形设计

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105362

Hanling Wu , Huiyue Dong , Yingjie Guo , Fei Yuan , Yinglin Ke

After Double Side Arc Welding (DSAW), the ring stiffener undergoes significant radial bending deformation due to the release of residual plastic stress, which severely impacts the dimensional quality of the welded component. This type of stress release-induced deformation is difficult to control through the application of external constraints. In this paper, a method for designing reverse deformation to compensate for bending deformation is proposed, based on the Distribution Function based Inherent Strain Method (DFISM). By leveraging the rapid calculations from DFISM and parametric modeling, welding deformation samples of ring stiffeners of different sizes were obtained in sample, and the optimal reverse deformation amount for the ring stiffener was determined using parameter evaluation criteria. The compensation effect of the designed reverse deformation was tested through DSAW experiments, where the calculation and experimental error were less than 1.0 mm (7.8 % of the total deformation), and the maximum error between the welded ring stiffener and the theoretical profile after reverse deformation design was within 1.2 mm (0.03 % of the theoretical radius). The Reverse Deformation Design Method (RDDM), based on rapid calculations and parametric modeling, effectively compensates for the bending deformation of the ring stiffener.

双面电弧焊（DSAW）后，由于残余塑性应力的释放，环形加强筋会发生明显的径向弯曲变形，严重影响焊接部件的尺寸质量。这种应力释放引起的变形很难通过外部约束来控制。本文基于基于分布函数的固有应变法（DFISM），提出了一种设计反向变形以补偿弯曲变形的方法。利用 DFISM 的快速计算和参数建模，获得了不同尺寸环形加强筋的焊接变形样本，并利用参数评估标准确定了环形加强筋的最佳反向变形量。通过直缝埋弧焊实验检验了设计反向变形的补偿效果，计算误差和实验误差均小于 1.0 毫米（总变形量的 7.8%），反向变形设计后焊接环形加强筋与理论轮廓的最大误差在 1.2 毫米（理论半径的 0.03%）以内。基于快速计算和参数化建模的反向变形设计方法（RDDM）可有效补偿环形加强筋的弯曲变形。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the influence of clamp installation position on vibration stress for spatial pipeline 夹钳安装位置对空间管道振动应力的影响分析

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105363

Shang Lv , Wei Sun , Dongxu Du , Hongwei Ma , Xuedong Sun , Shihao Ma

In aero-engines, small changes in the clamp position can sometimes significantly alter the vibration stress of the pipeline system, so there is an urgent need to study the influence of clamp position on pipeline vibration stress. Firstly, a dynamic modeling method of spatial pipeline system is proposed based on the finite element method, the modeling method can more accurately simulate the complex boundary constraints caused by multiple clamps and pipe fittings. Then, an improved dynamic substructure method (reduced-order method) is developed by combining the dynamic substructure method with the clamp position parametric model to improve the efficiency of the subsequent clamp position parameters influence analysis. Further, the rationality and efficiency of the reduced-order modeling approach are verified by numerical and experimental studies. Finally, the influence of the clamp position and the key parameters of different components (pipe body, clamps, fittings) on the pipeline vibration stress is investigated. The results show that when the main vibration region of the pipeline system coincides with the installation region of the clamp, the vibration stress can be significantly reduced by installing the clamp in the maximum modal displacement region of the corresponding pipe segment. The related modeling methods and conclusions can provide valuable references for the dynamics design of pipeline system in engineering practice.

在航空发动机中，管夹位置的微小变化有时会显著改变管路系统的振动应力，因此迫切需要研究管夹位置对管路振动应力的影响。首先，提出了一种基于有限元法的空间管道系统动态建模方法，该建模方法能更准确地模拟多管夹、多管件造成的复杂边界约束。然后，将动态子结构法与卡箍位置参数模型相结合，建立了改进的动态子结构法（降阶法），提高了后续卡箍位置参数影响分析的效率。此外，还通过数值和实验研究验证了降阶建模方法的合理性和效率。最后，研究了管夹位置和不同部件（管体、管夹、管件）的关键参数对管道振动应力的影响。结果表明，当管道系统的主要振动区域与卡箍安装区域重合时，将卡箍安装在相应管段的最大模态位移区域可显著降低振动应力。相关建模方法和结论可为工程实践中的管道系统动力学设计提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0