Sunday Azagba, Todd Ebling, Alperen Korkmaz, Jessica King Jensen, Fares Qeadan, Mark Hall
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Our findings reveal a significant association between state preemption laws and the presence of a local 100% smoke-free indoor policy as of 2023. In states with preemption laws, cities were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy at any venue than cities in states without preemption laws (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.05-0.10). When considering specific smoke-free venues, cities in states with preemption laws were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy covering workplaces (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.03-0.09), restaurants (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02-0.07), bars (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.08), and gaming venues (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.09) compared to cities in states without preemption laws. 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When considering specific smoke-free venues, cities in states with preemption laws were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy covering workplaces (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.03-0.09), restaurants (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02-0.07), bars (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.08), and gaming venues (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.09) compared to cities in states without preemption laws. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本研究探讨了限制地方控制权的州法律(优先权法律)与地方无烟政策之间的关联。我们利用了美国非吸烟者权利基金会(American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation)提供的政策数据。主要结果变量是在工作场所、餐馆、酒吧和游戏场所这 4 种室内环境中是否存在 "100% 无烟政策"。我们采用了广义结构方程模型来研究州法律对室内无烟空气法规的优先权与地方采纳要求在任何公共场所或特定场所实行无烟空气政策之间的关系,并对社会人口特征进行了调整。我们的研究结果表明,各州的免责法律与地方在 2023 年之前实行 100% 室内无烟政策之间存在着重要的关联。在有法律豁免的州,与没有法律豁免的州相比,城市在任何场所实行100%室内无烟政策的可能性都较低(OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.05-0.10)。当考虑到具体的无烟场所时,与没有立法豁免州的城市相比,立法豁免州的城市在工作场所(OR = 0.05,95% CI = 0.03-0.09)、餐馆(OR = 0.04,95% CI = 0.02-0.07)、酒吧(OR = 0.04,95% CI = 0.03-0.08)和游戏场所(OR = 0.03,95% CI = 0.01-0.09)实行100%室内无烟政策的可能性较低。我们的研究表明,各州的豁免法限制了地方决策和以烟草危害为重点的公共卫生政策的实施。
An Association Between State Laws Limiting Local Control and Community Smoke-Free Indoor Air in the United States.
This study examines the association between state laws limiting local control (preemption laws) and local smoke-free policies. We utilized policy data from the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. The primary outcome variable is the presence of a "100% smoke-free policy," across any of 4 indoor settings: workplaces, restaurants, bars, and gaming venues. We employed generalized structural equation modeling to investigate the relationship between state laws pre-empting smoke-free indoor air regulation and local adoption of policies requiring smoke-free air in any public venues, or for specific venues, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Our findings reveal a significant association between state preemption laws and the presence of a local 100% smoke-free indoor policy as of 2023. In states with preemption laws, cities were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy at any venue than cities in states without preemption laws (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.05-0.10). When considering specific smoke-free venues, cities in states with preemption laws were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy covering workplaces (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.03-0.09), restaurants (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02-0.07), bars (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.08), and gaming venues (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.09) compared to cities in states without preemption laws. Our study suggests that state preemption laws limit local decision-making and the implementation of public health policies focused on tobacco harms.